K. H. Bhujangrao
Abstract
Today’s India is in need of generating power at higher rate to maintain adequate supply of electricity to users for development and growth of Nation. Non renewable energy sources like coal and petroleum products are the major sources utilized for power production. To reduce the gap between demand ...
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Today’s India is in need of generating power at higher rate to maintain adequate supply of electricity to users for development and growth of Nation. Non renewable energy sources like coal and petroleum products are the major sources utilized for power production. To reduce the gap between demand and supply of energy and maintain sustainable development, renewable energy sources need to be considered as an alternative source of energy. The solar energy has been identified as one of the promising energy source which can be used directly or indirectly for generation of electricity, hot water and power. A prototype of cylindrical parabolic collector (CPC) is designed and developed to utilize solar energy for hot water generation. Prototype of CPC is tested from 10AM to 4PM in the month of May and thermal performance is evaluated based on solar standards available through literature. Hot water at 600C is produced throughout a day by varying mass flow rate of water. The instantaneous efficiency is calculated after every half an hour and found to be 69% and overall efficiency of system is 71%. This prototype CPC system can deliver hot water at required temperature to meet industrial, domestic demands and saves electricity.
P. Lahijani; G. D. Najafpour; M. Mohammadi
Abstract
In this work, isothermal gasification reactivity of pistachio nut shell (PNS) char and oil palm shell (OPS) char was studied under CO2 using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of temperature, inherent alkali content and surface area of each biomass char on promotion of CO2 gasification reactivity ...
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In this work, isothermal gasification reactivity of pistachio nut shell (PNS) char and oil palm shell (OPS) char was studied under CO2 using Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of temperature, inherent alkali content and surface area of each biomass char on promotion of CO2 gasification reactivity were investigated. The achieved results revealed the profound catalytic effect of alkali, alkaline and transition metals including K, Na and Fe available in the ash of biomass on enhancing the gasification reactivity of the char at temperatures below 900 °C. However, at elevated temperatures the pore diffusion was dominant and controlled the gasification reactivity. It was found that at temperatures below 900 °C, PNS char demonstrated high gasification reactivity because of its high alkali index, while at any temperature above 900 °C, conversion of OPS char was faster due to its high porosity and larger surface area.
B. Mohammed; M. Abderrezak; M. Feidt
Abstract
Parabolic trough power plants have been developed on several concepts for production of renewable energy in integrated solar combined cycle system (ISCCS) and direct steam generation (DSG). Each concept has their characteristic due to solar energy configuration. Recently, technology for Solar aided power ...
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Parabolic trough power plants have been developed on several concepts for production of renewable energy in integrated solar combined cycle system (ISCCS) and direct steam generation (DSG). Each concept has their characteristic due to solar energy configuration. Recently, technology for Solar aided power generation (SAPG) is appeared for optimization of these concepts by solar contribution system in hybrid power plants. The aim of this work is thermodynamic analysis on solar hybrid power plants system for ISCCS and DSG concepts. For these concepts, we evaluated the main differences in solar efficiency to electrical power. The solar aided power generation was proposed for evaluating the solar contribution in DSG concept. The study shows that the share of solar contribution in DSG concept is high, for the best method on thermal solar extraction in the DSG concept. Therefore, the optimum value of solar extraction is to preheat the feed water in the heater.These models were evaluated in this work which is simulated on TRNSYS software and System Advisor Model (SAM). The analysis in performance of hybrid concepts and solar contribution in new DSG concept can be evaluated. It was found the best method is solar contribution in the solar hybrid power plants.
A. Sumaila; M. M. Ndamitso; A. S. Ambali; Y. A. Iyaka; J. O. Tijani
Abstract
This work presents the green preparation of chitosan stabilized silver nanocomposite using aqueous leaf extracts of Nicotiana tobaccum. The prepared chitosan – silver nanocomposite was characterized by the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution scanning ...
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This work presents the green preparation of chitosan stabilized silver nanocomposite using aqueous leaf extracts of Nicotiana tobaccum. The prepared chitosan – silver nanocomposite was characterized by the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The nanocomposite was employed to remove copper and iron metal ions from electroplating effluent via batch adsorptions as a function of contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The XRD results of the nanocomposite showed reflections at 2θ of 38.04°, 44.650 and 64.45° for the presence of silver nanoparticles and 9.29° and 19.300 for chitosan. The HRSEM image of the nanocomposite shows the silver nanoparticles embedded in the chitosan polymer matrix, to create pores on the surface of the chitosan. The maximum percentage removal of copper and iron by chitosan – silver nanocomposite were 94.76 % and 98.80 % respectively at temperature of 363 K in 60 minutes using adsorbent dosage of 25 mg. The results were well fitted by all the tested isotherm models but best fit into jovanovic isotherm models. Kinetic data for Cu and Fe ions followed the Elovich model which implies multilayer adsorption. The result of this study show that chitosan - silver nanocomposite has been prepared and it exhibit high adsorption efficiency for copper and iron from electroplating effluent.
A. W. Galata; T. A. Demissei; M. K. Leta
Abstract
The various water resources project planning and implementation need the knowledge of factors influencing watershed hydrology. Therefore, this study analyzed Hangar watershed hydrological responses to land use/land cover change (LULCC) from 1987 to 2017. In addition to the LULC data, the input data used ...
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The various water resources project planning and implementation need the knowledge of factors influencing watershed hydrology. Therefore, this study analyzed Hangar watershed hydrological responses to land use/land cover change (LULCC) from 1987 to 2017. In addition to the LULC data, the input data used for the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model simulation were the DEM data, soil data, and climatic data. The model calibrated and validated using measured streamflow data of 13 years (1990-2002) and nine years (2003-2011), respectively. The result after simulation indicated that the annual total water yield of the watershed decreased. The annual simulated stream flow through the study period is increased for wet and short rainy season whereas, decreased for dry season. An increase of wet season flow may result in flooding, and the reduction of dry season flow may affect water scheme practice. Therefore, this study enables the concerned body to curve the changes in LULC towards increasing vegetation cover so that, surface runoff that contributes to wet season flow will be reduced and infiltration that supply groundwater from which dry season/base flow contributed will be increased.
Energy
I. Pishkar; S. M. Beigi
Abstract
With sensitive and important systems in hospitals requiring an uninterrupted power supply, finding solutions for power outages is becoming increasingly crucial. Iran's favorable potential for renewable energy makes wind and solar energy viable options to support hospital electricity needs and contribute ...
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With sensitive and important systems in hospitals requiring an uninterrupted power supply, finding solutions for power outages is becoming increasingly crucial. Iran's favorable potential for renewable energy makes wind and solar energy viable options to support hospital electricity needs and contribute to sustainable development goals. The present work investigates, for the first time, the electricity supply of a part of the Parsian Hospital in Shahrekord using HOMER software. The use of real electricity exchange data with the national grid and the new generation of tree-shaped wind turbines are unique advantages. Results show that an optimal renewable energy-based system consisting of two 1-kW solar cells and a 1-kW electric converter costs $0.111 per kWh and solar cells generate 3% or 2999 kWh/year. The optimal scenario produces 55193 kg of CO2 annually due to national grid electricity use, highlighting the importance of renewable energy adoption in hospitals.
M. Massoud; M. Erhayem; F. Al-Tohami
Abstract
In the present study, batch adsorption experiments of hazardous cadmium ions, Cd(II), onto low-cost Dodonaeae Viscose Legs (DVLs) surface were conducted with respect to contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial Cd concentration and temperature. Sorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic ...
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In the present study, batch adsorption experiments of hazardous cadmium ions, Cd(II), onto low-cost Dodonaeae Viscose Legs (DVLs) surface were conducted with respect to contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial Cd concentration and temperature. Sorption isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic models were used to describe the equilibrium stage and their constants were determined. The DVLs were used without chemical or physical activation processes. The results showed that the optimum adsorption capacity of DVLs for Cd(II) ions was found to be 25.29 mg/g at solution pH 5.26, 50 min and 303K. DVL adsorption data was fitted well with Langmuir isotherm. The mean free energy was found to be 1.82E-02 using Dubinin-Radushkevich (DRK) isotherm, which indicates that the adsorption of Cd(II) ions onto DVL surface is physical adsorption. The activation energy (Ea) was 3.06 kJ/mol, which confirms that Cd(II)-DVL adsorption process is physical sorption. Pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, intra-particle and extra-particle diffusion models were used to describe the adsorption kinetics. The results show strong correspondence to a pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption of Cd(II) ions onto DVL surface is an exothermic process.
Energy
J. Chen; Y. Haijun; L. Hao; Z. Zhifang; L. Mei
Abstract
Taking Shanxi fat coal, Shanxi 4# coke coal and Shenmu low rank pulverized coal as raw materials, three different concentrations of NaOH modified corn stalk were used as binder. The effect of changing NaOH concentrations and coal particle size used in moulding briquette and formed coke on its SEM ...
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Taking Shanxi fat coal, Shanxi 4# coke coal and Shenmu low rank pulverized coal as raw materials, three different concentrations of NaOH modified corn stalk were used as binder. The effect of changing NaOH concentrations and coal particle size used in moulding briquette and formed coke on its SEM micrographs, combustion property and FTIR absorption strength were investigated. The micro-properties of corn stalk before and after modification was also discussed. Results showed that the moisture content and ash yield of modified corn stalk increased obviously and the volatile yield showed opposite trend. 2.0% NaOH modified corn stalk showed more voids or porosity which could wrap a large number of coal particles to form strong strength briquette. Addition of modified corn stalk could reduces the briquette burning time and increased burning rate with strong flame and good ignition. From SEM micrograph, briquette had rough surface, and different sizes coal particles and fiber were bound together firmly. Formed coke showed light gray metallic luster, light mass, obvious circular holes and small gaps among particles.The melting colloid and binder could better infiltrate and encapsulate coal particles to form a dense and impermeable entity, which blocked the channels of organic group decomposition during pyrolysis process. Thus, it is forming many holes of different sizes on the surface and inside formed coke. The infrared spectrum of formed coke was simplier than briquette, and the absorption peak number was less and absorption strength was weaker also.
D. Bensahal; A. Yousfi
Abstract
This paper is focusing on hourly air temperature estimation model (MAT) using available meteorological measured data located in Laghouat (Algeria). The hourly air temperature defined by the present model can be calculated at any time of the night or the day period based on atmospheric pressure, global ...
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This paper is focusing on hourly air temperature estimation model (MAT) using available meteorological measured data located in Laghouat (Algeria). The hourly air temperature defined by the present model can be calculated at any time of the night or the day period based on atmospheric pressure, global solar radiation and relative humidity data. This work was compared with three published models from the literature as: Wave, Idliman and Double cosine. Fifteen months of hourly atmospheric pressure, global solar radiation, relative humidity and air temperature data collected during the period (January 2015 to March 2016) were used to test the accuracy of the various models studied. The analysis of the days selected randomly showed that the MAT model gave substantially good fit to the observed data. The RMSE of the MAT model is less than 0.5 oC during all the period of study than the other models studied ranged in the interval (2 oC, 4 oC). The estimated results are compared to the measured ones by using statistical parameters tests such as the mean bias error (MBE), the mean percentage error (MPE), the mean absolute error (MAE), the root mean square error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2).
Y. H’ng; Y. Yusup
Abstract
Turbulence intensity measurements of vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) are essential to detemineitsefficiency and performance. In this study, the eddy covariance (EC) method was used to characterise the flow and directly measure turbulence of a VAWT in a controlled indoor laboratory using an ultrasonic ...
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Turbulence intensity measurements of vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) are essential to detemineitsefficiency and performance. In this study, the eddy covariance (EC) method was used to characterise the flow and directly measure turbulence of a VAWT in a controlled indoor laboratory using an ultrasonic anemometer (at 10 Hz) at specific grid positions of upwind and downwind (in the wake) of the VAWT. In constrast to numerical simulations, this method has the potential to accurately quantify turbulence of wind turbines and thus able to describe the flow patterns around a VAWTexperimentally. Results show that at the upwind position, some of the swept area of the VAWT obstructed the flow due to the counter current flow generated by the VAWT rotors’ rotation while causing some flows to be diverted and concentrated to the concurrent flow area of the VAWT. In the wake of the VAWT, flow velocities and turbulence decreased and dispersed while at the centre line, vertical turbulence decreased towards the bottom (ground) swept area.This downward transfer of turbulence caused generally negative vertical momentum transfer. However, a slight increase of turbulence was observed at the ground surface due to flow deflection.
Z. Biglari Quchan Atigh; A. Heidari; A. Sepehr; M. Bahreini; K. R. Mahbub
Abstract
The soil in the Sangan iron-mining region in the east of Iran is contaminated with a high concentration of heavy metals, especially iron. The release of these pollutants into environment results in the transfer and accumulation of iron through the food chains, hence a reasonable solution is required ...
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The soil in the Sangan iron-mining region in the east of Iran is contaminated with a high concentration of heavy metals, especially iron. The release of these pollutants into environment results in the transfer and accumulation of iron through the food chains, hence a reasonable solution is required to restore it. Bioaugmentation is an environmental friendly option to reduce the hazard effects of heavy metal in the contaminated soil. In this study, the consortia of two indigenous cyanobacteria isolated from soil of Sangan iron mining and used to bioremediate soil contaminated with iron, chromium, copper, lead, and nickel. The experiments were carried out by three treatment methods, including control soil, surface soil sprayed with cyanobacteria, and soil mixed with cyanobacteria for six months under laboratory condition. The scanning electron microscope showed the development of a network of filaments of the inoculated cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria sp. and Leptolyngbya sp.) with soil particles in both treatments. Bio-augmentation of the soil increased initial nitrogen content from 406 mg/kg in control to 664 mg/kg in soil mixed with cyanobacteria and 710 mg/kg in soil sprayed with cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria inoculation decreased the available concentration of lead and nickel. The non-available heavy metal of soil in sample sprayed with cyanobacteria was in decreasing order: Cr > Fe > Ni > As > Pb > Cu. The maximum metal removal efficiency was 32%. In soil mixed with cyanobacteria increased in the root and hypocotyl lengths of radish and lettuce was observed compared to that in the control soil, indicated in the improvement of soil quality after bioremediation.
M. Mohammadpour; G. D. Najafpour; M. Rahimnejad; M. Kiakojouri
Abstract
In this paper, HZSM5 zeolite was synthesized through reflux method on support material CaO (25, 35 and 45 wt%) in two specific methods: microwave and impregnation at high temperature. The zeolite catalyst was modified with impregnation of NaOH (2, 4, 8, 12 wt%) at room temperature. The modified zeolite ...
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In this paper, HZSM5 zeolite was synthesized through reflux method on support material CaO (25, 35 and 45 wt%) in two specific methods: microwave and impregnation at high temperature. The zeolite catalyst was modified with impregnation of NaOH (2, 4, 8, 12 wt%) at room temperature. The modified zeolite was used in transesterification of rapeseed oil with methanol in abatch catalytic process.In transesterification of rapeseed oil, the catalyticactivities of HZSM5, NaZSM5, KZSM5 were considered. The prepared catalysts were characterized by several techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area and also the surface image was scanned by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The parameters affecting on biodiesel yield at optimum reaction conditions were investigated. The maximum yield was achieved with 8wt% of NaOH loaded on HZSM5 at reaction temperature of 65˚C, reaction time of 12 hours and catalyst/oil mass ratio of 9. Also the yield of CaO loaded with impregnation at high temperature was more desired than CaO loaded with microwave. Meanwhile the catalytic activity of HZSM5, NaZSM5 and KZSM5 was nearly zero; and the catalytic activity of modified zeolite was HZSM5>NaZSM5>KZSM5 subsequently.
Energy
R. Shafaghat; M. Fallahi; B. Alizadeh Kharkeshi; M. Yousefifard
Abstract
This paper has experimentally investigated the performance of a dual-chamber oscillating water columns (OWC) imposed on Caspian Sea wave’s characteristics. Experimental runs were performed for three water draft depths of 10, 15, and 20 cm and eight wave frequencies ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 Hz. Also, ...
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This paper has experimentally investigated the performance of a dual-chamber oscillating water columns (OWC) imposed on Caspian Sea wave’s characteristics. Experimental runs were performed for three water draft depths of 10, 15, and 20 cm and eight wave frequencies ranging from 0.4 to 0.7 Hz. Also, if the converter consists of only one chamber, the power generated was 75W; however, by placing the second chamber serial behind the first chamber, the converter power increased to 116 watts (55% improvements). The results showed that if the frequency of the incident wave is not in the natural frequency range, the converter performs is better at the lowest water draft depth (10 cm). Whereas if the frequency of the incident wave is in the natural frequency range, the converter will have the best performance at the maximum water draft depth (20 cm). As the power generated at a water draft depth of 10 cm increased by 3.8% compared to a water draft depth of 20 cm. But within the natural frequency range and by resonance, the power produced at a depth of 20 cm is 27.3% more than the power generated at a depth of 10 cm.
A. Behzadi Forough; N. Norouzi; M. Fani
Abstract
As the world’s seventeenth-largest economy and a significant exporter of fossil fuels, the choice of future energy paths and policies that Iran will pursue over the next three decades will have a considerable impact on global energy security as a whole. Especially the eastern region. This article ...
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As the world’s seventeenth-largest economy and a significant exporter of fossil fuels, the choice of future energy paths and policies that Iran will pursue over the next three decades will have a considerable impact on global energy security as a whole. Especially the eastern region. This article describes the current situation and recent trends in Iran’s energy sector, including demand and supply-side fuel sector. This paper discusses the state of current energy policy in Iran, focusing on changing the situation, developing and deploying renewable energy, liberalizing energy markets, and developing Iran’s energy sector. In the final part of the article, discussed Iran Long Range Alternative Energy Planning Software System dataset, several alternative energy paths for Iran’s energy demand side, emphasize alternative pathways to diversify energy and power. The expansion of GHG emissions and emissions reductions and the Iranian economy’s oil dependence is less - and address Iran’s current energy policy issues, as reflected in inputs and modeling results.
M. Tayari; E. Burman
Abstract
Auditing electrical energy in buildings is a feasibility study consisting of a comprehensive assessment of a building's electrical utilities in order to optimize energy consumption. In this paper a bottom-up method to estimate electrical loads is formulated that could help in disaggregating electricity ...
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Auditing electrical energy in buildings is a feasibility study consisting of a comprehensive assessment of a building's electrical utilities in order to optimize energy consumption. In this paper a bottom-up method to estimate electrical loads is formulated that could help in disaggregating electricity use to specific end-uses in the absence of sub-meters in existing buildings. This method can be used for detailed benchmarking and identification of improvement opportunities. Implementation of the method in an office building, located in Tehran, shows that a satisfactorily match (94.66% for off-peak, 88.69% for mid-peak and 94.46% for on-peak) exists between the calculated loads with the data extracted from electricity bills. The building electrical energy auditing shows a maximum share of consumption for office equipment (32%) and a lower consumption for lighting (28%), space heating and cooling (17%), domestic hot water (12%) followed by catering and other electricity end-uses (11%). Through interpreting the energy auditing results, strategies for increasing energy efficiency has been suggested.
G. Hocine; L. Fatiha; G. F. Zohra; A. Tayeb
Abstract
The interest in renewable energy has been increasing over the last few years, especially after global awareness regarding the hazardous effect of fossil fuel burning. Energy is the source of growth and the booster of the economic and social development of nations and people. This issue has prompted the ...
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The interest in renewable energy has been increasing over the last few years, especially after global awareness regarding the hazardous effect of fossil fuel burning. Energy is the source of growth and the booster of the economic and social development of nations and people. This issue has prompted the Algerian government to adopt a new energy policy by promoting and supporting the development of the clean energy, specially the wind and solar energy. An important result of this policy is that the government intended to construct a wind farm in the southwest desert of Algeria. This paper shows the interest of this investment for the southwest region of Algeria, which is installed in Teberkine in Adrar city with an High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) connection to improve the power quality in this region without disturbing the network. The open source software Power System Analysis Toolbox (PSAT) is used in our simulations to improve the calculations.
H. Joardar; M. K. Parida; A. K. Rout; I. Routaray
Abstract
In the present study the methyl ester of argemone oil, prepared by two step transesterification process due to its high acid value was experimented, in a variable compression ratio (VCR) multi-fuel engine to evaluate the combustion parameters like in cylinder pressure (Pr), net heat release rate (NHRR) ...
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In the present study the methyl ester of argemone oil, prepared by two step transesterification process due to its high acid value was experimented, in a variable compression ratio (VCR) multi-fuel engine to evaluate the combustion parameters like in cylinder pressure (Pr), net heat release rate (NHRR) and cumulative heat release rate (CHRR). For the current analysis engine load, compression ratio and bio-diesel blends are taken as input parameters. The mathematical models were developed and statistical significance was checked using analysis of variance (ANOVA). A second order model is developed and is found to be adequate by ANOVA results. The validation of the model is carried out by comparing the predicated values of output responses with that of experimental results.
Environment
I. U. Siloko; E. A. Siloko
Abstract
This paper focuses on the interdependence between rainfall and temperature and their joint effect. Rainfall and temperature are vital climatic variables for agricultural productivity and other human activities. Despite the importance of rainfall and temperature, there are difficulties associated with ...
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This paper focuses on the interdependence between rainfall and temperature and their joint effect. Rainfall and temperature are vital climatic variables for agricultural productivity and other human activities. Despite the importance of rainfall and temperature, there are difficulties associated with accurate analysis of their joint distribution due to the possibility of interrelationship between the variables. Several studies have been conducted by researchers on the interaction between climatic variables in order to ascertain their effects on the environment because temperatures are observed to be undergoing changes regularly. The analysis of rainfall and temperature for exploratory and visualization purposes is investigated because underlying structures and patterns do form the basis of decisions by government and regulatory agencies. This study employs the statistical approach in investigating the interdependence between rainfall and temperature in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria for a period of five consecutive years from 2016 to 2020 using the Gaussian kernel estimator. The results of the investigations using some statistical indicators establish that there is irregular pattern of rainfall which is occasioned by changes in temperature. The variability of rainfall is mostly prominent in two years which are 2017 and 2019 with 29.43mm and 27.74mm as maximum amount of rainfall respectively. The results also demonstrate that the performance of years with high standard deviations are better than that of low standard deviations. Again, the performance of years with high negative correlation coefficients and high negative covariance of rainfall and temperature is better than years with weak correlations and low covariance.
S. Rai; P. Chand; S. P. Sharma
Abstract
This paper represented theoretically investigation of energy and exergy performance of an offset finned solar air heater. Parametric study was done to investigate the effect of variation of offset fin parameters i.e. fins spacing (1 to 5cm) and fins height (1.8 to 5.8cm) at different mass flow rates ...
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This paper represented theoretically investigation of energy and exergy performance of an offset finned solar air heater. Parametric study was done to investigate the effect of variation of offset fin parameters i.e. fins spacing (1 to 5cm) and fins height (1.8 to 5.8cm) at different mass flow rates (0.01388 to 0.0833kg/s) on the energy and exergy efficiency. The results indicated that attaching offset finned below the absorber plate at low mass flow rates can lead to noticeable enhancement of exergy efficiency. The results revealed that the trend of variation of the energy and exergy efficiencies are not the same and the exergy efficiency is the chief criterion for performance evaluation. Decreasing the fins height, reducing the fins spacing are effective at low mass flow rates, but at high mass flow rates the inverse trend is observable, such that exergy efficiency reduces sharply. The efficiencies of offset finned solar collector were compared with conventional flat-plate collectors and longitudinal fins collector.
Energy
B. Alizadeh Kharkeshi; R. Shafaghat; S. Talesh Amiri; A. M. Tahan; A. Ardebilipour
Abstract
In waste heat recovery from a heavy-duty diesel engine, with a focus on engine speed's impact, is explored. The critical problem of enhancing energy efficiency and reducing emissions through waste heat utilization is addressed. Waste heat in internal combustion engines, vital for sustainable energy use ...
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In waste heat recovery from a heavy-duty diesel engine, with a focus on engine speed's impact, is explored. The critical problem of enhancing energy efficiency and reducing emissions through waste heat utilization is addressed. Waste heat in internal combustion engines, vital for sustainable energy use and environmental preservation, is investigated. Experimental analysis and thermodynamic modeling introduce Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), Steam Rankine Cycle (SRC), and Combined Steam and Organic Rankine Cycle (CSO) for waste heat recovery. A non-linear relationship between engine speed and waste heat is identified. Waste heat increases up to 1600 rpm and decreases thereafter. The CSO cycle outperforms ORC and SRC cycles, achieving 43.4% higher efficiency. Fuel energy savings demonstrate CSO's superior economy, along with excellence in Annual Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction (ACO2ER). Waste heat recovery knowledge is advanced by introducing the efficient CSO cycle, contributing significantly to existing research.
M. M. Namar; A. R. Mogharrebi; O. Jahanian
Abstract
Nowadays, two main deals of researchers in different fields of industries are emissions and fuel consumption. The political turmoil of crude oil besides stricter environmental laws in the world tends researchers to find novel ways for fuel consumption and emissions reduction. Using Ethanol-Gasoline blend ...
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Nowadays, two main deals of researchers in different fields of industries are emissions and fuel consumption. The political turmoil of crude oil besides stricter environmental laws in the world tends researchers to find novel ways for fuel consumption and emissions reduction. Using Ethanol-Gasoline blend as fuel in spark ignition engines is considered as a promising idea to achieve this goal for internal combustion engines industries. Providing a model to investigate the performance of Ethanol-Gasoline fueled engine in different operating conditions is still needed to reduce experimental test costs. In this study, a thermodynamic model of ethanol-gasoline fueled spark ignition engine is provided and the effects of operating conditions on engine performance are investigated in detail after validating simulation results via experimental data. Results show the provided model generates reliable data of engine performance in the full range of fuel composition, from pure ethanol to pure gasoline. In addition, studied engine produces maximum power besides best fuel consumption when it is run at 3000 rates per minute. Also, the best performance is achieved with E-45 composition while NOx emission raise 60 percent in comparison to pure gasoline. So, it can be introduced as design point for studied engine.
S. Farzi kahkesh; A. Fattah; M. B. Rahmani
Abstract
In this research, thin films of molybdenum trioxide were deposited on a glass substrate using Doctor Blade method. Ammonium Heptamolbudate tetrahydrate (NH4)6Mo7O24 powder is considered as a precursor to this study. Growth of the samples in three main directions of (020), (040) and (060) showed the formation ...
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In this research, thin films of molybdenum trioxide were deposited on a glass substrate using Doctor Blade method. Ammonium Heptamolbudate tetrahydrate (NH4)6Mo7O24 powder is considered as a precursor to this study. Growth of the samples in three main directions of (020), (040) and (060) showed the formation of a layered structure and also the formation of α-phase of molybdenum oxide. In addition, scanning electron microscope imaging of the samples showed flat micro-capsule like structure. Furthermore, gas sensing properties of the fabricated structure were studied in expose to different concentrations of hydrogen gas. The highest and lowest sensitivities were reported about 16 and 91%, for 100 and 1000 ppm of hydrogen gas, respectively, which shows more sensitivity compare to previous studies. Moreover, the fabricated sensor exhibits good stability as well as repeatability for H2 gas detection.
A. Ataee; J. Kazemitabar; M. Najafi
Abstract
Due to lack of proper regulations in many areas of the world, consumers are not mandated to waste sorting at the origin of the source. Moreover, human sorting often suffers from human errors and low accuracy. In the intelligent detection system, it is attempted to break down a variety of household wastes ...
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Due to lack of proper regulations in many areas of the world, consumers are not mandated to waste sorting at the origin of the source. Moreover, human sorting often suffers from human errors and low accuracy. In the intelligent detection system, it is attempted to break down a variety of household wastes including plastic bottles, glass, metals, paper bags, compact plastics, paper and disposable containers. In this paper, a real waste image system is investigated using the deep convolutional neural network and a remarkable accuracy of 92.76% was achieved.
H. Ahmad; N. I. Abd Ghalib; F. M. Shamshudin; N. Ismail
Abstract
Leachate contents from the landfill that infiltrate the liner may contaminate nearby groundwater and river. Hence, the liner material must be chosen properly so that pollutants can be retained as much as possible at the liner thus reducing the contamination risk. This study studied the characteristics ...
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Leachate contents from the landfill that infiltrate the liner may contaminate nearby groundwater and river. Hence, the liner material must be chosen properly so that pollutants can be retained as much as possible at the liner thus reducing the contamination risk. This study studied the characteristics of earthenware clay and pressmud, and their suitability in reducing heavy metals content in leachate. Their suitability to fit as candidate for a landfill liner was tested using batch equilibrium study at 24 and 48 hours reaction times. The mixture of clay and pressmud were labelled PM0, PM10, PM30, PM50, PM80 and PM100 based on their pressmud content. Both reaction time, in any mixtures, manganese easily removed from leachate. 97% zinc was reduced in PM80 after 48 hours reaction time. No significant removal detected for lead in PM0, PM50 and PM80 although the experiment was prolonged from 24 to 48 hours. In a nutshell, for overall contaminants, the longer the reaction time, the higher removal percentage. The clay-pressmud mixtures have the potential to be applied as a landfill liner, however, the removal percentage of metal ions depends on mixture’s physicochemical characteristic.
K. Ganesh Babu; A. Veeresh Babu; K. Madhu Murthy
Abstract
The present biggest challenging task in front of the world is to search new energy source. Apart from the all energy sources, biodiesel was the only dominant alternate energy to accomplish the fossil-fuel demand in the transport sector which consist a diesel engine. Biodiesel production from edible, ...
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The present biggest challenging task in front of the world is to search new energy source. Apart from the all energy sources, biodiesel was the only dominant alternate energy to accomplish the fossil-fuel demand in the transport sector which consist a diesel engine. Biodiesel production from edible, inedible feed stocks causes food versus fuel and greenhouse-gas emissions' problem. It is observed that yields of edible, inedible oils and animal fats are very less compared to third-generation feedstock like Algae: It is one of the fastest growing organisms. It is environmentally friendly because it captures Carbon dioxide (CO2) from the environment to grow. According to the Indian scenario, this is the right time to fix attention on algae biodiesel, to meet the fossil-fuel demand. The higher heating value of biodiesel is slightly lesser than that of diesel, but higher than coal. Biodiesel combusts same like diesel fuel, concerns regulate emissions, and doubtlessly better efficiency than diesel fuel. Algae biodiesel has good physicochemical properties than others. This paper reviews the comparison of yield, fatty acid composition of oil, presently available methods to convert algae into biodiesel and its effect on Direct and Indirect injection diesel engines. Literature reveals that a reduction in exhaust emissions with slight compromise in performances are possible with the usage algae as a biodiesel.