K. Mazur; K. Roman; K. Borek
Abstract
About methods of reduction of ammonia emissions and greenhouse gas (GHG) from livestock production were investigated. Many techniques required high investments costs by low reducing level of emissions. Among all known methods, the most effective method is slurry cooling and decreasing slurry pH to obtain ...
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About methods of reduction of ammonia emissions and greenhouse gas (GHG) from livestock production were investigated. Many techniques required high investments costs by low reducing level of emissions. Among all known methods, the most effective method is slurry cooling and decreasing slurry pH to obtain high ammonia emission reductions. When we talk about GHG, anaerobic digestion and slurry separation are desired solutions. Regarding sustainable development in agriculture production, not only environmental effects, but also economy is important.
Energy
A. Bozorgi; M. J. Zarei
Abstract
Noise pollution is one of the biggest problems of wind turbines, especially when these turbines are located near residential areas. In this article, the effect of blade thickness is numerically investigated on the noise pollution of an H-type Darrieus wind turbine. The flow is first simulated using the ...
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Noise pollution is one of the biggest problems of wind turbines, especially when these turbines are located near residential areas. In this article, the effect of blade thickness is numerically investigated on the noise pollution of an H-type Darrieus wind turbine. The flow is first simulated using the unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the SST-kω model at the tip speed ratio of 2.64. Then, the noise is calculated using Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equations. Blade thickness is changed using NACA airfoils from NACA 0008 up to NACA 0024. It is concluded that noise calculation at only one point, known as a routine method in noise investigation of wind turbines, is insufficient to investigate the noise of this turbine. Here, maximum noise in directivity is defined as the criterion of noise pollution. The results show that changing the blade profile of the benchmark turbine from NACA 0021 to NACA 0015 increases the power coefficient from 0.318 to 0.371 and reduces the maximum noise from 95.67 dB (76.35 dB) to 90.19 dB (71.01 dB) at R = 2 m (8m). For NACA 0018, the power coefficient is 0.353, and the maximum noise is 89.78 dB (70.47 dB) at R = 2 m (8m). Overall, the highest output power is for NACA 0015, and the lowest noise pollution is for NACA 0018.
Nano-Biotechnology
A. Kumar Singh; R. Patle; M. Das; R. Sanodiya; N. M. Stanley; P. Malkhani
Abstract
Applications of nano-scaled energetic materials in diesel and diesel-biodiesel blends as catalytic agents have emerged contemporarily in pace to develop an efficient and eco-friendly alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines. Inclusion of nanoparticles as additives for CI engine fuels promises ...
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Applications of nano-scaled energetic materials in diesel and diesel-biodiesel blends as catalytic agents have emerged contemporarily in pace to develop an efficient and eco-friendly alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines. Inclusion of nanoparticles as additives for CI engine fuels promises as overall improver of engine performance and emission characteristics. However, simultaneous control on engine performance parameters and emission characteristics is usually difficult. Dispersion of nano-additives improves combustion efficiency by altering specific fuel properties of diesel. Average particle size of 40-50 nm facilitate greater surface-to-volume ratio, hence ensure more complete combustion through further chain reactions during combustion. Nanoparticles as catalytic agents in diesel and its proportionate blends have recently emerged as game changer but their potential is in-fact not fully explored for market acceptability. The following are the major challenges that are to be considered in future researches: (a) There is a need of on-road testing in real ambient conditions, (b) Effects of exhaust emission fuelled with nanocatalysts on human breathing, (c) Overall effects on diesel engines of agricultural tractors and other heavy earth moving machines which are designed for high load factors, and (d) Effects of such modified fuels on driving habits of consumers.
S. O. Salawu; O. M. Okedoye
Abstract
This study examines the second law of thermodynamic gravity-driven viscous combustible fluid flow of two-step exothermic chemical reaction with heat absorption and convective cooling under bimolecular kinetic. The flow is acted upon by periodic changes in the axial pressure gradient and time along the ...
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This study examines the second law of thermodynamic gravity-driven viscous combustible fluid flow of two-step exothermic chemical reaction with heat absorption and convective cooling under bimolecular kinetic. The flow is acted upon by periodic changes in the axial pressure gradient and time along the axis of the channel with the existence of magnetic field. The heat convection at the channel surfaces with the environment is the same and satisfies the Newtons law of cooling. The dimensionless main equations of the flow are solved using a convergent and stable semi-implicit finite difference method. The effect of some fluid parameters associated with the problem on momentum and temperature are obtained. The expression for irreversibility ratio, volumetric entropy generation and Bejan number along with the graphical results are presented and quantitatively discussed.
M. T. Vakili; M. Rafatullah; M. H. Ibrahim; A. Z. Abdullah; B. Salamatinia; Z. Gholami
Abstract
In the present study, chitosan beads were prepared at different preparation conditions and then applied for adsorption of Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) in a batch adsorption process. Effect of beading parameters such as chitosan concentration, acetic acid concentration and temperature in the removal of ...
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In the present study, chitosan beads were prepared at different preparation conditions and then applied for adsorption of Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) in a batch adsorption process. Effect of beading parameters such as chitosan concentration, acetic acid concentration and temperature in the removal of RB4 from aqueous solution was investigated. It is found that increasing the concentration of chitosan, acetic acid, and temperature decreased dye removal. The chitosan beads prepared with 2% chitosan and 1% acetic acid concentration at room temperature (30 ± 2 °C) were more suitable for RB4 removal. The beading parameters were found to be effective on the adsorption properties of the prepared adsorbents. Thus, the preparation of chitosan beads at appropriate conditions is a suitable method to improve the anionic dyes adsorption from aqueous solutions.
A. K. Belay; D. Atenafu; S. Birhan; T. Tegengn
Abstract
Ethiopia has a high potential for water for hydro-power development. Even though there is untapped potential, the country's electricity coverage is poor. This paper presents a technical-economic feasibility study of gunde micro hydropower at the Tindwat River, Central Gondar, Ethiopia. In the techno-economics ...
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Ethiopia has a high potential for water for hydro-power development. Even though there is untapped potential, the country's electricity coverage is poor. This paper presents a technical-economic feasibility study of gunde micro hydropower at the Tindwat River, Central Gondar, Ethiopia. In the techno-economics study, the analysis was made for energy modeling, economic scenarios, and sensitivity, risk, and emission analyses. The study shows that this mini-hydropower project can be developed with an installed power of 18 kW, where the Kaplan turbine is recommended. The construction of small scale hydropower in the tindwat river is technically and economically feasible with total net present cost of US $ 253537, cost of energy $0.09/kWh, simple payback period of 6.9 years, and internal rate of return 23.9%. Te result also shows that construction of hydropower curtails greenhouse gas emissions of carbon dioxide by 588.65m3 of gasoil per year. It also showed that small hydroelectric power generation from Tindwat River would improve the electricity supply to Gunde Teklehaymanote monstery and off-grid rural communities.
M. Naghizadeh; P. Mohammadi; H. Sheibani; M. A. Taher
Abstract
This work is reported on the synthesis of Fe3O4/eggshell nanocomposites in the absence of any stabilizer or surfactant. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were established on the egg shell nano-composite. The nanocompositeshave shown high catalytic activities in the synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran. ...
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This work is reported on the synthesis of Fe3O4/eggshell nanocomposites in the absence of any stabilizer or surfactant. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were established on the egg shell nano-composite. The nanocompositeshave shown high catalytic activities in the synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran. These derivatives were synthesized via an one‐pot three‐component condensation of aromatic aldehydes with malononitrile and dimedonewith excellent yields in the presence of Fe3O4/eggshell nanocomposites as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst. The obtained catalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The developed technique of nano-composite synthesis is energy efficient since the reactions carried out in single step. The present catalyst is possible to be used for the production of biodiesel.
D. Yousefi Kebria; S. Mokhtarpour
Abstract
Aromatic hydrocarbons are toxic pollutants that enter into environment through various industries. These pollutants are carcinogenic and cause genetic mutations. There are various solutions, including biological methods, extraction, and electrocoagulation. This research aims to synthesize the nano zero-valent ...
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Aromatic hydrocarbons are toxic pollutants that enter into environment through various industries. These pollutants are carcinogenic and cause genetic mutations. There are various solutions, including biological methods, extraction, and electrocoagulation. This research aims to synthesize the nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) from the ferrous waste and granules of nZVI by the chemical combination of nZVI with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The performance of these two adsorbents was evaluated to degradation of phenol from an aqueous solution. The physical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were determined using SEM analysis. Effect of pH, contact time, contaminant concentration, and adsorbent dosage on the removal efficiency were studied. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of phenol by nZVI and GnZVI was 78, 57.83 %, respectively, at the condition of pH 3, 60 minutes initial concentration of 8 ppm and adsorbent dosage of 2.5 g. The removal efficiency of phenol in acidic conditions and laboratory temperature by adsorption of nZVI is higher than GnZVI with a difference in removal efficiency of approximately 20 %. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich equations and it was observed that these experiments followed Freundlich model.
Chemical Engineering
A. Mohammadi
Abstract
Semiclathrate hydrate formers such as tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB), chloride (TBAC) and fluoride (TBAF) are promising compounds that mild the thermodynamic conditions of gas hydrates, considerably. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is employed in this manuscript to calculate the dissociation enthalpies ...
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Semiclathrate hydrate formers such as tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB), chloride (TBAC) and fluoride (TBAF) are promising compounds that mild the thermodynamic conditions of gas hydrates, considerably. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation is employed in this manuscript to calculate the dissociation enthalpies of methane/carbon dioxide/nitrogen + TBAF semiclathrate hydrates. A 460 cm3 stirred batch reactor was used to measure the phase equilibria of gas + TBAF semiclathrate hydrates at various concentrations of tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride. The dissociation P-T data were obtained using an isochoric pressure-search method in the temperature range of 275.15 to 304.7 K and the pressure range of 0.53 to 10.24 MPa at 0.0 - 0.4482 mass fraction of TBAF. Investigating the obtained dissociation data showed that the addition of TBAF to the solution increases the amount of dissociation enthalpy of semiclathrate hydrates per mole of the hydrated gas. Increasing the mass fraction of tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride, showed a straight relation with the amount of dissociation enthalpy per mole of hydrated gas.
U. S. Shehab; R. K. Shoffiuddin; U. S. Nayeem; S. AHM
Abstract
This research paper analyses the current density and power density of a duel chamber microbial fuel cell using different substrate materials for different resistive loads. Sucrose, sugar and starch were treated as substrate and potassium ferricyanide was used as electron acceptor. The separation of the ...
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This research paper analyses the current density and power density of a duel chamber microbial fuel cell using different substrate materials for different resistive loads. Sucrose, sugar and starch were treated as substrate and potassium ferricyanide was used as electron acceptor. The separation of the cathode and anode cell is provided by proton exchange membrane (PEM) in most of the microbial fuel cell (MFC). The most popular proton exchange membranes are nafion, hyflon, zirfon, ultrex CMI-7000 etc. But all of them are not available to use in this part of the world. As an alternate, salt bridge was used in this study as a PEM which is receptive to other ions & chemicals. Different organic materials like sucrose, glucose, starch can be used as substrate as those are available in organic wastage. As the container of bacteria, the sludge of drain of Dhaka was utilized. The voltage and current were measured across 9.81 kΩ and 5.91 kΩ resistors. 716.32 mV was measured as highest voltage across 9.81 kΩ resistor while 4.65 mA/m^2 and 3.09 mW/m^2 were recorded as maximum current density and power density respectively across 5.91 kΩ resistor for sucrose as substrate. The anode chamber was maintained in anaerobic condition. The temperature during these experiments was (22±2)º C.
W. Takala Dibaba; M. Kebede Leta
Abstract
Currently the effect of urban discharges on water quantity and quality issues and additional recreational amenities perceived in the urban landscape have gained growing public interest for the provision of sustainable urban development. This is due to the fact that urbanization is converging to challenge ...
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Currently the effect of urban discharges on water quantity and quality issues and additional recreational amenities perceived in the urban landscape have gained growing public interest for the provision of sustainable urban development. This is due to the fact that urbanization is converging to challenge city infrastructure due to their adverse impacts on precipitation extremes and the environment of urban areas at large. This study was aimed at identification of the treats of urban expansion and prediction of the environmental responses to urbanization of Jimma City. This is an important input for the decision of environmentalists, hydrologists, storm and waste water management for the better plan and sustainable development of the city. The study analysis of stream flow indicates, urbanization was found to be one of the responsible factors for changing the surface of the land disturbing the hydrological process of Jimma City by altering the magnitude of surface runoff, aquifer recharge and river flows. The expansion of Jimma city have intensified, surface water discharges from developed areas and uncontrolled waste release which have affected the social, environmental and economic state of the area. Increased flood peaks, water volume and pollutant loads, reduced ground water recharge were found to be the major sources water quantity and quality degradation. Degraded water quantity and quality in turn resulted in water crisis, ecological risk, reduced quality of life and reduced level of ecosystem service.
A. Kumar Thakur; S. Kumar Pathak
Abstract
Solar still is a device, used to convert brackish water into distill water but the major issue low profitability and it is imperative to outline an ideal device. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation can help designers to improve the execution of a sun oriented still for a given cost. In this ...
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Solar still is a device, used to convert brackish water into distill water but the major issue low profitability and it is imperative to outline an ideal device. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation can help designers to improve the execution of a sun oriented still for a given cost. In this study, we examine the capacity of CFD simulation in calculation of heat and mass transfer in a single basin sun powered still. Experiments were performed in month of June in Jaipur, India. In this work, single basin solar still was fabricated and then optimized using CFD based methodology for water depth of 0.01m, 0.02m and 0.03 m. CFD based results help in a designing a solar still with maximum yield productivity of distilled water. It was concluded that maximum yield was achieved when water depth has minimum value i.e. 0.01 m. Total dissolved solid (TDS) value for sample water taken at water basin was in range of 500 PPM but after distillation water at output reaches below 50 PPM. Therefore, solar still was capable of improving the quality of water and brackish water of high TDS value can be reduced and used for drinking purpose.
Environment
A. Alizadeh; H. Nowzari
Abstract
In the wildlife management, maintaining water quality and quantity, especially in areas that are faced with relative constraints of water resouces, are considered as one of the planning pillars. Natural springs and artificial troughs in the KooheHava and TangeKhoor Free Area are the only sources of water ...
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In the wildlife management, maintaining water quality and quantity, especially in areas that are faced with relative constraints of water resouces, are considered as one of the planning pillars. Natural springs and artificial troughs in the KooheHava and TangeKhoor Free Area are the only sources of water suppliers for wildlife of the area. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial indices of water resources used by wildlife in this areas and to compare them with the Iranian national standard limit. In this study, 12 water sources including ten springs and two troughs were selected and sampling was carried out in two seasons of summer and autumn of 2020 and three samples from each water resources and a total of 72 samples were collected throughout the study period and the parameters of total coliform, fecal coliform, temperature, turbidity and pH were measured. The data were analyzed by One sample t-test, Paired sample t-test, Independent sample t-test, analysis of variance and Spearman correlation matrix. The results showed that the means of total coliform were higher than the standard limit in all samples with the exception of no. 4 and 12 springs and the means of fecal coliform were higher than the standard limit in all samples with the exception of no. 2, 4, 8, 10, 11 and 12 water resources both during summer and autumn. In summer, with increasing evaporation, the amount of pollution load of water resources was higher than autumn. However in autumn, the number of polluted water resources was higher which was due to the transmission of microbial contaminations caused by human and animal feces via rain. The results of correlation showed a decrease or an increase in turbidity, temperature or pH did not affect the amount of coliforms because despite the strong correlation between total coliform and fecal coliform, no correlation was found between them and physicochemical factors of water. Therefore, considering the temporal and spatial variability of fecal coliforms and their effect on disease, death and reduction of wildlife populations, optimizing and disinfection of water resources with chlorine and dredging them are recommended.
E. O. Dada; K. L. Njoku; A. A. Osuntoki; M. O. Akinola
Abstract
Wetlands play important strategic ecological and life-supporting roles. As a result, they are continuously exposed to pollutants inflow including heavy metals. The aim of this research was to evaluate the heavy metal remediation potential of a tropical wetland earthworm, Libyodrilus violaceus. L. violaceus ...
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Wetlands play important strategic ecological and life-supporting roles. As a result, they are continuously exposed to pollutants inflow including heavy metals. The aim of this research was to evaluate the heavy metal remediation potential of a tropical wetland earthworm, Libyodrilus violaceus. L. violaceus were exposed to soils contaminated with different concentrations of heavy metals using natural optimal soil density of 18 worms per kg soil, for 12 weeks. Relative to their initial concentrations, there were significant reductions of Zn, Pb and Cd at the end of the experiment. From the soil contaminated with a combination of Zn, Pb and Cd, the highest significant (p < 0.05) Cd reduction of 8.08 mg/kg soil occurred in the 12th week, the highest significant (p < 0.05) Zn reduction of 37.47 mg/kg soil occurred in the 8th week, while Pb recorded the highest but not significant (p > 0.05) reduction of 19.07 mg/kg in the 12th week. The effect of addition of cow dung on the ability of L. violaceus to reduce heavy metals was generally low. L. violaceus is recommended as a good candidate for the remediation of low to moderate heavy metal contamination in wetland ecosystem..
H. Faridi; A. Arabhosseini; G. Zarei; M. Okos
Abstract
The commonly used energy in Iranian greenhouses is provided from gas or diesel fuel. As fossil fuels will be finished in the coming years, the utilization of renewable energies could be quite significant. In this research, the thermal potential of the soil profile was studied in Kouhsar, Alborz province, ...
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The commonly used energy in Iranian greenhouses is provided from gas or diesel fuel. As fossil fuels will be finished in the coming years, the utilization of renewable energies could be quite significant. In this research, the thermal potential of the soil profile was studied in Kouhsar, Alborz province, Iran, for utilizing the shallow geothermal energy in order to supply thermal demands of building like greenhouses. Therefore, the temperature sensors were set at the four depths of 30, 100, 200, and 300 cm as well as at the ground surface. The results showed that the greater the depth, the less fluctuation of the soil temperature as well as the greater the temperature difference of the soil profile against the ambient air temperature. These results suggest that the potential of the earth could be used to warm up or cool down in this location for an agricultural structure like greenhouse. The soil profile temperature behavior was modeled at different depths by two methods as heat transfer and empirical. The empirical model was simpler than the other one. As the possibility of using geothermal energy in this region has not been investigated. This research could be an effective step for using renewable energy for agricultural structures like greenhouses.
H. Hassanpour; R. Ebadi; A. Zehtabian; Z. Amiri
Abstract
In X-ray computed tomography (CT), existence of metallic implants in the subject may corrupt images and produce dark and bright streaking artifacts. In this paper a new method for reducing metal artifact from dental X-ray CT images is introduced. In the proposed method, the Radon transform is used in ...
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In X-ray computed tomography (CT), existence of metallic implants in the subject may corrupt images and produce dark and bright streaking artifacts. In this paper a new method for reducing metal artifact from dental X-ray CT images is introduced. In the proposed method, the Radon transform is used in order to project the CT data into the sinogram domain. The sinogram of data can be decomposed into its illumination and reflectance components by using the homomorphic wavelet filtering. The investigation of the CT images shows that the degradations caused by metallic artifacts appear mainly in the illumination component. Therefore, in our approach the corrupted illumination component is restored by using the apriori information driven from the previous artifact-free sections. The results show that the metal artifacts are considerably reduced without eliminating the important details of the CT images. The proposed method is also compared with other existing methods on a set of dental CT images. Comparisons show the superiority of the proposed method over other existing methods.
Energy
P. Hedayati; A. Ramiar; N. Hedayati
Abstract
Wind energy is a prominent renewable energy source, and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) offer distinct advantages, including adaptability to changing wind directions and reduced noise levels. This paper conducts a numerical investigation into the impact of flat and curved stator blades on VAWTs, ...
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Wind energy is a prominent renewable energy source, and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) offer distinct advantages, including adaptability to changing wind directions and reduced noise levels. This paper conducts a numerical investigation into the impact of flat and curved stator blades on VAWTs, specifically the Savonius turbine, under 2D, viscous, turbulent, and steady flow conditions. Four stator blade configurations were examined, including no stator blades, smooth stator blades, twisted stator blades (Case A), and both blades being concave (Case B). The study reveals that curved stator blades enhance VAWT performance, with Case B exhibiting the most efficient performance. The results show pressure distribution on the turbine blades is non-uniform, with high and low-pressure zones, predominantly on the windward side. The presence of stator blades enhances pressure on all turbine blades, with Case B exhibiting the most optimal pressure distribution. Detailed observation of streamline and velocity distribution reveals improved flow lines for Case B, leading to more effective turbine blade performance. Case B consistently produces the highest turbine torque, with a maximum value of approximately 2.1 N·m achieved at Re = 15750. The torque demonstrates a positive correlation with increasing Reynolds numbers. The study further introduces a non-dimensional torque ratio analysis, where Case B attains 7.59 times higher torque than the reference case at Reynolds number 15750. The sensitivity of torque increase with respect to Reynolds number change highlights that Case B (with a slope of torque increase at around 4.5e-04) is the most responsive within the studied Reynolds number range.
I. Y. D. C. Rodrigues; J. D. C. Campos; R. M. Cavalcante; A. C. Coutinho; A. T. Netto; A. L. D. S. Salomão
Abstract
The Jacarepaguá Lagoon (JPAL) is part of a lagoon complex, located in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro city, and has largest drainage area of the complex. JPAL constantly receives the clandestine release of domestic and industrial effluents, in addition to diffuse contributions from drainage waters ...
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The Jacarepaguá Lagoon (JPAL) is part of a lagoon complex, located in the west zone of Rio de Janeiro city, and has largest drainage area of the complex. JPAL constantly receives the clandestine release of domestic and industrial effluents, in addition to diffuse contributions from drainage waters from different sources, with high pollution load. Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) is an important tool with a more global view of the risks for the management of contaminated areas, including the identification of adverse effects of contaminants on the environment. This study aimed to develop an ERA for the JPAL, using two lines of evidence (LoE): Ecotoxicological and Ecological. The sediments samples were collected in four sampling points. The Ecotoxicological LoE was based on chronic ecotoxicity assays (Chlorella vulgaris and Ceriodaphnia dubia) to estimate the Ecotoxicological Risk. The Ecological LoE was based on the analysis of the richness and abundance of local algae species to estimate the Ecological Risk. The Environmental Risk was estimated by integrating the Risks of the two LoE. The Ecotoxicological Risk was 0.80±0.12, classified as very high risk. The Ecological Risk was 0.746±0.01, classified as high risk. The estimated Environmental Risk was 0.78±0.08, which was a very high risk. In summary, JPAL had an advanced stage of contamination, with a high content of organic matter in the sediment, caused by irregular effluents released. JPAL's current environmental risk exposes the urgent need for more inspection actions to prevent the release of sewage before the total degradation of the local ecosystem.
C. A. Wong; M. I. Ahmad; Y. Yusup
Abstract
This paper investigates the quality of air in chosen offices located in the food industry. The parameters including temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, total volatile organic compound, particulate matter 10 and 2.5 micron and total bacterial counts were measured ...
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This paper investigates the quality of air in chosen offices located in the food industry. The parameters including temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, total volatile organic compound, particulate matter 10 and 2.5 micron and total bacterial counts were measured in three offices within the premises of the industry. The three offices were administrative office, engineer office and screening office. Measurements were carried out for eight hours per day for days chosen in six months. The results were compared with a standard called Industry Code of Practice on Indoor Air Quality 2010 by Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Malaysia. All parameters measured in three offices were complied with the standard except for temperature and air velocity in screening office, which were 27.26 °C and 0.62 m s-1 respectively and CO2 concentration in administrative office, which was 1139.71 ppm. This suggests that the processes in this food industry which might emit PM, VOC were not contributing to the pollutant levels in the offices. The exceeded temperature in screening office was due to the air-conditioner setting and the exceeded air velocity was due to the influence of mechanical fan. The CO2 was due to the poor ventilation rate that provided insufficient fresh air intake which led to the accumulation of CO2 in administrative office.
M. Naghizadeh; M. A. Taher; M. Behzadi; F. Hassani Moghaddam
Abstract
Magnetic silica nanoparticles modified by 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino) ethylamino] propyl-trimethoxysilane (AAAPTS) and Salicylaldehyde were prepared and used as a new adsorbent for extraction and preconentration of copper ion through magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method. After adsorption, these ...
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Magnetic silica nanoparticles modified by 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino) ethylamino] propyl-trimethoxysilane (AAAPTS) and Salicylaldehyde were prepared and used as a new adsorbent for extraction and preconentration of copper ion through magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method. After adsorption, these ions were desorbed with nitric acid followed by the determination with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the adsorbent. The MSPE conditions were optimized.
A. Raz; K. Movagharnejad
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2010
M. Sharifzadeh Baei; G.D. Najafpour; Z. Lasemi; F. Tab; H. Younesi; H. Issazadeh; M. Khodab
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2010
Ali Aberoum
Volume 1, Issue 3 , July 2010
N. Natarajan
Volume 1, Issue 4 , October 2010
Taghipour Vali; Azizi Seyed Naser
Volume 2, Issue 1 , January 2011
