Energy
F. Mohammad Alinezhad
Abstract
Dezful city, located in southwest of Iran, has a hot and semi-humid climate. In the past, architectures used design solutions to provide the cold of living space. Shavadoon is one of the most important design for reaching this goal. Shavadoon is an underground space in traditional buildings of Dezful ...
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Dezful city, located in southwest of Iran, has a hot and semi-humid climate. In the past, architectures used design solutions to provide the cold of living space. Shavadoon is one of the most important design for reaching this goal. Shavadoon is an underground space in traditional buildings of Dezful city designed with a trend of respect and protection of natural environment. Shavadoon, linked with its peripheral environment, provided an appropriate space for sheltering residents in summers hot weather without a need of energy of fossil fuels. Exploring the causes of thermal comfort in this underground space with no need to non-renewable energies was the aim of this article. In this article passive cooling of shavadoon was reviewed in a descriptive and analytic procedure. Results indicated that the architectural design of shavadoon is such that cool down the shavadoon through three types of cooling including the ground cooling, cooling through ventilation and evaporative cooling.
M. Shaik Sk; K. Srinivas
Abstract
Now a days Fridges and Air-conditioners are mostly used in domestic environment. The CFCs have been almost ruled out since 1995 due to their huge impact on the ozone layer, due to the above problem HFC refrigerants are introduced but these are having a high GWP value, which causes environmental pollution. ...
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Now a days Fridges and Air-conditioners are mostly used in domestic environment. The CFCs have been almost ruled out since 1995 due to their huge impact on the ozone layer, due to the above problem HFC refrigerants are introduced but these are having a high GWP value, which causes environmental pollution. But later Kyoto protocol came into existence which stated the need to replace HFC’S due to their high GWP values. Along with the prevention of environmental pollution, performance improvement also very important. Performance of a conventional refrigeration system can be improved with the help of liquid-suction heat exchanger. So in this paper, Thermodynamic analysis of domestic refrigerator with liquid suction heat exchanger using R134a as a refrigerant was done and the results are compared with various low gwp refrigerants like, HFC152a, HC290, HC600a, HFO1234yf and HFO1234ze(E) as a possible alternative to 134a without any modification to the system. Performance parameters like COP, Refrigeration Effect, Compressor Work and Pressure ratio have been reported at various operating parameters like evaporator temperature, condenser temperature. Theoretical results revealed that all the low GWP refrigerants used in the analysis have a slightly lower performance the R134a at various condenser and evaporator temperatures
S. Khodami; M. Surif; W. M. Wan Omar
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the ability of Ulva reticulata (Chlorophyta) to remove Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, M n, M g, Pb, V, and Zn from industrial wastewater. A 24 h experiment was performed under laboratory and in situ conditions, which were set up in two places: (1) the industrial area ...
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This study was conducted to investigate the ability of Ulva reticulata (Chlorophyta) to remove Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, M n, M g, Pb, V, and Zn from industrial wastewater. A 24 h experiment was performed under laboratory and in situ conditions, which were set up in two places: (1) the industrial area in Bayan Lepas and (2) the coastal area close to Jerejak Island. The initial amounts of metals in U. reticulata were ranked as follows: M g > Fe > Zn > M n > Ni > Cu > Cr > Co > Cd = Pb > V. However, after exposure to the experimental conditions for 24 h, the sequence amounts of the metals in the tissue changed. Fe showed the highest uptake in situ with a maximum uptake of 869.0 ± 84.1 µg g−1 dw. M g demonstrated the maximum uptake in the laboratory, which was 487.8 ± 130 µg g−1 dw. Cd presented the lowest uptake under both in situ and laboratory conditions, which was 0.04 ± 0.027 µg g−1 dw. The uptake capability of U. reticulata depended on the metal concentration in water and under experimental conditions. Overall, this study revealed that U. reticulata can improve the quality of water discharged from industrial areas.
V. N. Kanthe; S. V. Deo; M. Murmu
Abstract
The assessment of environmental impact on concrete is an important aspect for its durability. The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in the concrete can be enhanced the durability. This makes concrete sustainable and reduced environmental issues. In this research paper illustrate the ...
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The assessment of environmental impact on concrete is an important aspect for its durability. The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in the concrete can be enhanced the durability. This makes concrete sustainable and reduced environmental issues. In this research paper illustrate the experimental study on the performance of triple blend concrete made up of fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA) along with ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The current research the concrete composition was used as 20, 30 and 40% cement replacement by FA and RHA. The durability properties such as ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), electrical resistivity (ER), water absorption and carbonation depth of triple blend concrete were determined, and for microstructure performance formation factor and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were performed. The improvement in durability was observed up to 40% replacement of cement. The durability of concrete improves with increase in formation factor. The SEM images proved the improvement in particle packing of concrete.
P. Hartwig
Abstract
The water quality in a river is influenced by discharge from the sewerage network. Through increased efficiencies of the wastewater treatment plants, the main deterioration comes from combined water overflow. In view to a reduction of the discharge from combined water outflow the increase of the influent ...
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The water quality in a river is influenced by discharge from the sewerage network. Through increased efficiencies of the wastewater treatment plants, the main deterioration comes from combined water overflow. In view to a reduction of the discharge from combined water outflow the increase of the influent to a wastewater treatment plant can be an efficient solution. The main bottleneck on the waste water treatment plant is the final clarifier with the limited capacity regarding sludge discharge from the biological stage. Through bypassing the aeration with combined water and a direct feed of the combined water into the final clarification the specific sludge volume loading, which is significant to the efficiency of the final clarification, will not be raised. But the adsorption capability of the aerated sludge, the sedimentation effect of the final clarification and the partial recirculation over return-sludge can be used for an elimination of suspended solids, COD, ammonia and phosphate from the combined wastewater. In large-scale tests in Wilhelmshaven (160,000 PE) removal efficiencies for the elimination in the bypass of 75 % of COD, 60 % of ammonia and 89 % of suspended solids were reached. In comparison with conventional procedures for combined water treatment (e.g. storage volumes, soil filter) the bypass technology has got the possibility to achieve a highly efficient and economical combined water treatment by using the capability of existing clarifiers. In the frame of the presentation the basics for this advanced solution will be explained and the results from the technical application will be demonstrated.
M. Benmedjahed; R. Maouedj; S. Mouhadjer; Y. Menni; H. Ameur; A. Dahbi; D. Saba; T. Touahri
Abstract
An objective analysis of the wind atlas map of the region of Adrar (Algeria) at a height of 10 meters above ground is essential, in order to classify these velocities according to the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) classification, and then to develop the separation velocity map. The present work ...
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An objective analysis of the wind atlas map of the region of Adrar (Algeria) at a height of 10 meters above ground is essential, in order to classify these velocities according to the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) classification, and then to develop the separation velocity map. The present work is conducted in the region of Adrar to determine the monthly, seasonal, and annual energy generated by the Whisper200 wind turbine by using the Rayleigh distribution and the wind data recorded every three hours from January 1st, 1961 to December 31st, 2018. From the obtained findings, the northeast region of Adrar is a suitable region for wind applications. The surface of this area is equal to 16587 km², where two sites are located (Kaberten and Aougroute). However, the second PNL class is divided into seven zones. The wind speed in this region (2nd PNL class) is favourable for the setup of isolated wind turbines or hybrid systems. The following cities are located in this region (2nd PNL class): Adrar, Aoulef, Bordj Baji Mokthar, Timaiaouine, Regagne, and Timimoune.
Chemical Engineering
M. R. Maraki; H. Tagimalek; B. Pasoodeh
Abstract
The copper/aluminum composite is very important and practical due to its light weight, optimal thermal and electrical conductivity. The high weight resistance ratio, along with its inherent properties, makes it attractive for new applications. In this regard, the use of composites with high mechanical ...
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The copper/aluminum composite is very important and practical due to its light weight, optimal thermal and electrical conductivity. The high weight resistance ratio, along with its inherent properties, makes it attractive for new applications. In this regard, the use of composites with high mechanical properties has significantly increased. In this research, 5000 series aluminum and pure copper samples in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th passes have been subjected to friction stir welding (FSW) and then the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the welded samples have been compared with the original samples. In order to further study the results of tensile tests, metallography and microhardness tests have been performed. Microstructural evaluation of welded samples showed that the mixing zone of the samples was determined by combining aluminum and copper layers. The results showed an increase in yield strength in the welding zone and ultimately an improvement in hardness and ultimate strength in the weld zone compared to the prototype. Compared to stretched samples, the greater the distance from the nugget weld, the less the improvement in mechanical properties and microhardness. By changing the parameters and increasing the inlet temperature, the mixing and uniform dispersion of the particles is performed more appropriately and ultimately increases the tensile strength. Finally, in the research, experimental data were modeled using fuzzy logic method and considering that the presented model was obtained in two indices R-Sq (pred) and R-Sq (adj), 96 and 99%, respectively. The comparison between the experimental data and the model data indicated an acceptable error in the experimental data.
S. Yusup
Abstract
Paper mill producing several type papers has a wastewater treatment plant with an aerated lagoon system to remove their pollutants. But the removal efficiency of this system is still low so that the effluent is still not complying with the Indonesian of effluent quality standards yet. It needs pre-treatment ...
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Paper mill producing several type papers has a wastewater treatment plant with an aerated lagoon system to remove their pollutants. But the removal efficiency of this system is still low so that the effluent is still not complying with the Indonesian of effluent quality standards yet. It needs pre-treatment plant before aerated lagoon. In an effort to improve the performance of wastewater treatment plant, study of wastewater characteristics, wastewater treatment, the establishment of treatment systems and equipment design have been carried out. After construction of pre-treatment plant, the field trial of waste water treatment plant using wastewater come from several type of paper produced has also been done. Result of laboratory-scale experiment shows that the paper mill needs a wastewater treatment with physical-chemical system before aerated lagoon treatment. Field trial of wastewater treatment shows that the removal of suspended solids (TSS) of 97%, COD of 88%, BOD5 of 85%, and a pH of 6.2 to 7.7 could be obtained by using 5 - 10 % NaOH solution at doses of 50-240 mg/L and 0.1% cationic polyelectrolyte (PE) solution as flocculants at dose of 1.0 to 1.5 mg/L. The addition of physical-chemical treatment plant can lighten the load on an aerated lagoon treatment. Effluent quality of aerated lagoon discharged into environment has met the Indonesian of effluent quality standard.
O. A. Nathaniel; A. S. Oluwadara; O. A. Joshua; A. A. Jacob
Abstract
The concept of solar energy and its applications in present day would come to be one of the solutions to our Nigerian problem of instability and epileptic power supply. In this study, data for mean monthly sunshine hours and global solar radiation for Ikeja, Lagos state capital (6.580N, 3.320E) ...
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The concept of solar energy and its applications in present day would come to be one of the solutions to our Nigerian problem of instability and epileptic power supply. In this study, data for mean monthly sunshine hours and global solar radiation for Ikeja, Lagos state capital (6.580N, 3.320E) were obtained from Nigeria Metrological Agency (NiMeT), Oshodi Lagos, Nigeria and spanned 1996 to 2010. The data for global solar radiation were measured using a Gunn-Bellani radiometer. A linear regression correlation model was developed for Ikeja and other surrounding area in south-western part of Nigeria with similar meteorological conditions. The results of estimated global solar radiation ranged from 5.1 MJm-2 day-1 on average for August and 13.1 MJm-2 day-1 for March for Lagos. The Angstrom constants a and b of Angstrom-type correlation to estimate monthly average global solar radiation was estimated to be 0.25 and 0.63 respectively. The result for global solar radiation were then subjected to statistical tests [MBE, RMSE, MPE] and proved to be good estimates. The value of clearness index was also estimated to range from 0.31 to 0.59 showing Lagos as a partly clear sky city.
S. Prathmesh Mahesh; H. B. Kulkarni
Abstract
This paper deals with the systematic study of performance evalaution and exhaust emission characteristics of VCR (variable compression ratio) engine at different compression ratio and loads using diesel as fuel. Experimental analysis was done to find the optimal value of compression ratio ...
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This paper deals with the systematic study of performance evalaution and exhaust emission characteristics of VCR (variable compression ratio) engine at different compression ratio and loads using diesel as fuel. Experimental analysis was done to find the optimal value of compression ratio and load at which the engine can produce higher thermal efficiency, lower specific fuel consumption and low exhaust emission. Performance parameters such as brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), brake thermal efficiency (ɳbth), brake Specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust gas emissions like hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide are considered.
N. Hairoma; M. G. Barzani; M. E. Toriman
Abstract
An environmental study was carried out at Marang River, Terengganu on determination of river water quality trend variations temporally and spatially at seven sampling stations between 2012 and 2015. Sampling stations were selected along the river started from downstream to upstream; where each station ...
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An environmental study was carried out at Marang River, Terengganu on determination of river water quality trend variations temporally and spatially at seven sampling stations between 2012 and 2015. Sampling stations were selected along the river started from downstream to upstream; where each station was 2km apart from each other. Sampling was done twice at each sampling stations which were during low and high tides in November 2012 and also was repeated in November 2015. Both samplings were conducted during Northeast monsoon period. Selected water quality parameters such as salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and turbidity were measured using certified scientific instruments. One way ANOVA and Tukey Kramer multiple comparison were used for statistical analysis. This study revealed that there is significant temporal variation in DO and turbidity which was increased from downstream to upstream between 2012 and 2015 due to the increase of land use activities; while other parameters such as EC, salinity, TDS and pH were decreased. These results were concluded that global change coupled with the enactment of heavy storm and flood phenomenon during 2014 was lead to the rising of sea level and salinity dilution of the South China Sea.
Energy
A. Haghani; M. Jahangiri; R. Riahi; M. Golali Jonaghani; A. Baharizadeh
Abstract
The use of fossil fuels leads to greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and secondary consequences such as desertification and winds in the Middle East and Africa, including Egypt. The use of renewable energy is the most appropriate solution to prevent the emission of polluting gases. Egypt is one ...
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The use of fossil fuels leads to greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and secondary consequences such as desertification and winds in the Middle East and Africa, including Egypt. The use of renewable energy is the most appropriate solution to prevent the emission of polluting gases. Egypt is one of the best places to use solar water heating systems, located in the solar belt. In this paper, for the first time, the best place to use solar water heater (SWH) systems is examined using TSOL 2018 R(1) software and climate data for residential apartments in 35 stations in Egypt. The results showed that Sharm el sheikh station with supplies 96.8% of its total heat needs is the most suitable station for using solar water heating systems. According to the studies performed, using solar water heaters in the studied stations generated good energy savings annually (production of 134.5 GWh of solar heat). Also, greenhouse gas emissions were significantly reduced (preventing the emission of about 39.2 tons of CO2 pollutants per year) and as a result, the government should turn to the use of clean and renewable energy.
E. Fadaei-Kermani; G. A. Barani; R. Memarzedeh
Abstract
Inattention to water as a key parameter of sustainable development, leads the long-term and planned management for the water to be marginalized. In this regard, proper and optimal utilization planning and management of surface and ground water resources is very important. In this study drought utilization ...
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Inattention to water as a key parameter of sustainable development, leads the long-term and planned management for the water to be marginalized. In this regard, proper and optimal utilization planning and management of surface and ground water resources is very important. In this study drought utilization motitoring and management of surface and ground water resources for the Qaryat-Al-Arab watershed, located in Kerman, has been investigated. Kerman is among the regions of Iran that does not benefit enough precipitation. At first the region drought status was predicted and monitored using K nearest neighbor (KNN) model. The present model gave appropriate estimations of drought status for the study area, and reasonable values of the statistical coefficients showed that the present model is efficient and suitable. Finally due to the drought status and classification and also surface and ground water resources condition, the water resources allocation respect to the management modeling were proposed for the study area.
S. Premkumar; K. Ramanarasimha; E.S. Prakash
Abstract
This work presents the design and development of solar crop dryer with drained SAE 20/40 from vehicles oil as heat storage material. The details design, fabrication and experimental analysis procedure of the developed dryer are explained. The crops used during the experiments were potato slices ...
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This work presents the design and development of solar crop dryer with drained SAE 20/40 from vehicles oil as heat storage material. The details design, fabrication and experimental analysis procedure of the developed dryer are explained. The crops used during the experiments were potato slices (2 kg) and ginger (2 Kg) while air velocity maintained at 10 m/s. Potato slices of upper and lower trays have taken the drying time of 5 hours and 6 hour to reach safe storage moisture content of below 15 % and whereas ginger of upper tray and lower tray have taken drying time of 9 and 10 hours to reach moisture content of below 15. The maximum value of instantaneous of the collector (Oil bath) efficiency reported was 57. 48 % and minimum value was 18.59 %.
M. Baskaran; R. Hashim; N. Y. Wei; O. Sulaiman
Abstract
In this study, physical, mechanical and flame retardant properties of oil palm trunk particleboards were evaluated. The properties of oil palm trunk particleboards were compared with polylactic acid (PLA) added board, where PLA was added as a function of natural binder, and PLA added board with calcium ...
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In this study, physical, mechanical and flame retardant properties of oil palm trunk particleboards were evaluated. The properties of oil palm trunk particleboards were compared with polylactic acid (PLA) added board, where PLA was added as a function of natural binder, and PLA added board with calcium sulfate (CaSO4) and magnesium oxide (MgO), where CaSO4 and MgO was added as a function of flame retardant additives. The thickness swelling, modulus of rupture and internal bond strength properties improved as addition of PLA. In comparison to addition of additives, PLA added board with CaSO4 exhibited higher physical and mechanical properties than PLA added boards. The flame retardant properties of PLA added oil palm trunk board with CaSO4 showed higher value of LOI compared to others. Overall results revealed addition PLA improved the physical and mechanical properties of oil palm trunk particleboard and the flame retardant properties increased with addition of additives namely MgO and CaSO4.
Energy
M. Movehhedi Nia; M. Nikpour; E. Jahanshahi Javaran
Abstract
The research aims to develop sustainable daylighting strategies for contemporary buildings by drawing inspiration from traditional vernacular housing solutions. In this study, the daylight factors of a contemporary residential space with a central courtyard which is located in Kerman, Iran is evaluated. ...
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The research aims to develop sustainable daylighting strategies for contemporary buildings by drawing inspiration from traditional vernacular housing solutions. In this study, the daylight factors of a contemporary residential space with a central courtyard which is located in Kerman, Iran is evaluated. After modeling the building in Design Builder software, the U-values of the external walls, roof, floor and windows based on the available materials in the market of Iran are calculated. The results of daylight simulations are presented in term of Average DF (%), Work plane Illuminanace (Lux) and Uniformity Ratio as well as annual Indicators of daylight such as sDA and UDI. Zone 3 in the ground floor which is a space under top lit atrium acts as a source of daylight. Although, Zone 5 in the ground floor has reasonable daylight factor, the uniformity ratio is not acceptable due to simultaneously existing the areas of little and high illuminance. Zone 7 in the first floor as a public sapce can provide large potential for daylight utilization with DF equal to 2.6% and average WPI with 826 Lux because there is a possibility to receive daylight from east direction with designing central courtyard in the first floor plan.
F. O. Aweda; J. A. Oyewole; J. B. Fashae; T. K. Samson
Abstract
The extraterrestrial radiation is the solar radiation received at the top of the earth’s atmosphere on horizontal surface. This quantity over selected stations in the tropics was investigated. Daily data of the extraterrestrial radiation on the earth horizontal surface for the year 2018 for stations: ...
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The extraterrestrial radiation is the solar radiation received at the top of the earth’s atmosphere on horizontal surface. This quantity over selected stations in the tropics was investigated. Daily data of the extraterrestrial radiation on the earth horizontal surface for the year 2018 for stations: Iwo, Abuja, Enugu, Port-Harcourt, Sokoto and Maiduguri obtained from the archive of HelioClim website were analyzed using MATLAB and Statistical Packages for Social Science (SPSS Version 20.0) to estimate the extraterrestrial radiation of the station considered. The results of the MATLAB revealed that the value of the coincidence is across all stations. In January, the values between 15 - 20 peaks were observed in the year with the Irradiation ( ) and the maximum ( ). The results revealed the Root Mean Square Error RMSE for Sokoto (139.99), Abuja (162.72), Iwo (177.07), Maiduguri (171.34), Enugu (191.07), Port-Harcourt (212.27). The results also revealed that quadratic trend equation which accounted in the range 95.9% - 41.9%. The results then concluded that Sokoto and Maiduguri have the highest solar Irradiance as revealed by the result.
K. Sharma; S. Jain; U. Chandrawat
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel nano-structured photo catalyst Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 by Pechini method. Prepared catalyst is characterized using simultaneous thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA), ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Ultra Violet ...
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Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel nano-structured photo catalyst Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 by Pechini method. Prepared catalyst is characterized using simultaneous thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA), ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Ultra Violet Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The XRD pattern suggests that Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 crystallizes in the cubic structure. The formation of perovskite phase can be confirmed by the presence of metal-oxygen band in the FTIR spectrum. SEM image reveals the nano sized plate like structure of Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 with particle size in the range of 10-45 nm. The band gap is calculated from the DRS and is found to be 1.8eV. The band gap and crystalline nature suggest that this material can be used as a photo catalyst. The photo catalytic activity of Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 is evaluated for degradation of Malachite Green dye under visible light irradiation. The results reveal that 0.75 gL-1 Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 with initial concentration of Malachite Green 40 mgL-1 irradiated for 30 minutes shows the highest photo catalytic activity. According to Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, the photo catalytic degradation of Malachite green dye follows pseudo-first-order kinetics.
M. Sadeghpour; G. Najafpour; H.A. Rad; B. Hosseini
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2010
Akram Dakheel; Naif A. Darwish; Nidal Hilal
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2010
K.K. Gupta; A. Rehman; R.M. Sarviya
Volume 1, Issue 3 , July 2010
K. Varunprasath; A. Nicholas Daniel
Volume 1, Issue 4 , October 2010
Kamrun Nahar
Volume 2, Issue 1 , January 2011
Ediga Anjaneyulu; Mopuri Ramgopal; Golla Narasimha; Meriga Balaji
Volume 2, Issue 2 , April 2011
Shahzadi Wufai Naw Bahaar; G.A. Bhat
Volume 2, Issue 3 , July 2011