M. M. Namar; A. R. Mogharrebi; O. Jahanian
Abstract
Nowadays, two main deals of researchers in different fields of industries are emissions and fuel consumption. The political turmoil of crude oil besides stricter environmental laws in the world tends researchers to find novel ways for fuel consumption and emissions reduction. Using Ethanol-Gasoline blend ...
Read More
Nowadays, two main deals of researchers in different fields of industries are emissions and fuel consumption. The political turmoil of crude oil besides stricter environmental laws in the world tends researchers to find novel ways for fuel consumption and emissions reduction. Using Ethanol-Gasoline blend as fuel in spark ignition engines is considered as a promising idea to achieve this goal for internal combustion engines industries. Providing a model to investigate the performance of Ethanol-Gasoline fueled engine in different operating conditions is still needed to reduce experimental test costs. In this study, a thermodynamic model of ethanol-gasoline fueled spark ignition engine is provided and the effects of operating conditions on engine performance are investigated in detail after validating simulation results via experimental data. Results show the provided model generates reliable data of engine performance in the full range of fuel composition, from pure ethanol to pure gasoline. In addition, studied engine produces maximum power besides best fuel consumption when it is run at 3000 rates per minute. Also, the best performance is achieved with E-45 composition while NOx emission raise 60 percent in comparison to pure gasoline. So, it can be introduced as design point for studied engine.
P. Sharma; S. Y. Kumar; A. Shukla
Abstract
Due to globalization, privatization and liberalization; sugar industry has to face the domestic as well as international competition. Thus, for survival of the industry, cost effectiveness and economics of by-products become very vital. The aim of this work is to assess the potential, in the short term, ...
Read More
Due to globalization, privatization and liberalization; sugar industry has to face the domestic as well as international competition. Thus, for survival of the industry, cost effectiveness and economics of by-products become very vital. The aim of this work is to assess the potential, in the short term, for fuel ethanol production by using intermediate molasses in a sugar plant in central India. The by-product plant can support the existing plant to improve the general economy, financial viability, economic status of sugarcane growers and workers by way of paying higher prices for sugarcane crop and also create more employment opportunities in the rural areas by setting up industries based on sugarcane by-products. For assessing the amount of Ethanol production an experimental study has been carried out which find out the amount of ethanol production via fermentation process of molasses sample acquired from the plant. It gives more fine results as the quality of sugarcane changes from place to place.
S. Saghafi; N. Mehrdadi; G. Nabi Bid Hendy
Abstract
Currently, the efficiency improvement of industrial wastewater treatment plant (IWWTP) has turned into a noticeable challenge for plants operator. In addition, decreasing the cost and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants has attracted great interest by water agencies and IWWTP operators. ...
Read More
Currently, the efficiency improvement of industrial wastewater treatment plant (IWWTP) has turned into a noticeable challenge for plants operator. In addition, decreasing the cost and energy consumption of wastewater treatment plants has attracted great interest by water agencies and IWWTP operators. Since IWWTPs are energy-intensive facilities, the need for cost-efficient and reliable treatment processes has significantly increased so as to meet the standards of environmental regulations and national goals. Determination of energy efficiency of IWWTPs is a starting point for any energy-saving initiative. In this paper, a case study has been carried out in 79 WWTPs in Iran's industrial zones to identify electrical energy efficiency indices (EEI). In order to achieve a reliable result, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was applied by Lingo11 software. The electrical energy efficiency index was estimated by regression equations for plants with different level of treatment (ready to discharge to the river, irrigation of green spaces, and agriculture) using Minitab17 software. The obtained results enable IWWTP operators to identify the cost items to improve the productivity at plants.
I. A. Amar; A. Sharif; M. M. Alkhayali; M. A. Jabji; F. Altohami; M. A. Abdul Qadir; M. M. Ahwidi
Abstract
In this study, the adsorption properties of spinel ferrite-based adsorbent, CoFe1.9Mo0.1O4 (CFMo), for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution have been investigated. Sol-gel process was successfully employed to prepare CoFe1.9Mo0.1O4 magnetic nanoparticles. The synthesized adsorbent was ...
Read More
In this study, the adsorption properties of spinel ferrite-based adsorbent, CoFe1.9Mo0.1O4 (CFMo), for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution have been investigated. Sol-gel process was successfully employed to prepare CoFe1.9Mo0.1O4 magnetic nanoparticles. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorption experiments were carried out at various operational conditions (solution pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature) to evaluate the potential adsorption property of CFMo magnetic nanoparticles. The results showed that, under the optimum adsorption parameters, approximately 95 % of MB dye can be removed. The adsorption data were better described by Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum amount of MB adsorbed was about 20.45 mg/g. Several adsorption kinetic models and thermodynamic parameters (∆Gº, ∆Hº, ∆Sº) were used to fit the adsorption experimental data. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model (PSO), while the thermodynamic parameters indicate that the proposed adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The obtained results suggest that CFMo is promising adsorbent material for removal of very toxic dyes from aqueous solutions.
M. El-khomri; N. El-messaoudi; S. Bentahar; A. Dbik; A. Lacherai
Abstract
In this work, Crystal Violet (CV), cationic dye, is removed from aqueous solution, using wood of Argan shell(ARS) and Almond shell (ALS), as low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbants. The parameters influencing the adsorption of CVon each of our adsorbents, contact time (5–180 min), adsorbent dose ...
Read More
In this work, Crystal Violet (CV), cationic dye, is removed from aqueous solution, using wood of Argan shell(ARS) and Almond shell (ALS), as low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbants. The parameters influencing the adsorption of CVon each of our adsorbents, contact time (5–180 min), adsorbent dose (0.2–2 g), pH of the solution (3–11), temperature (20–50°C) and the initial dye concentration (50–500 mg.L-1), were studied.The modeling of experimental results obtained, shows that the CV adsorption on both biomaterials follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic and in perfect agreement with Langmuir isotherm. Also CV is better adsorbed on ALS that ARS, with maximum biosorption amounts 51.99 mg.g-1 and 37.32mg.g-1, respectively, at 40 ° C. Thermodynamic calculations have shown that the sorption is spontaneous, endothermic and random at the solid / solution interface. Adsorption capacities of dyes by ARS and ALS are better or comparable to those of several other biomaterials already studied.ALS and ARS biomaterials studied can be considered as alternative biosorbants low-cost and eco-friendly..
H. Hassanpour; R. Ebadi; A. Zehtabian; Z. Amiri
Abstract
In X-ray computed tomography (CT), existence of metallic implants in the subject may corrupt images and produce dark and bright streaking artifacts. In this paper a new method for reducing metal artifact from dental X-ray CT images is introduced. In the proposed method, the Radon transform is used in ...
Read More
In X-ray computed tomography (CT), existence of metallic implants in the subject may corrupt images and produce dark and bright streaking artifacts. In this paper a new method for reducing metal artifact from dental X-ray CT images is introduced. In the proposed method, the Radon transform is used in order to project the CT data into the sinogram domain. The sinogram of data can be decomposed into its illumination and reflectance components by using the homomorphic wavelet filtering. The investigation of the CT images shows that the degradations caused by metallic artifacts appear mainly in the illumination component. Therefore, in our approach the corrupted illumination component is restored by using the apriori information driven from the previous artifact-free sections. The results show that the metal artifacts are considerably reduced without eliminating the important details of the CT images. The proposed method is also compared with other existing methods on a set of dental CT images. Comparisons show the superiority of the proposed method over other existing methods.
T. O. Salawudeen; K. K. Salam; A. O. Arinkoola; E. O. Dada; O. O. Oniya; I. Adewale
Abstract
Utilization of locally sourced materials promote raw materials Biodiesel was produced by transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) with ethanol in the presence of non-synthetic heterogeneous catalyst (combination of KOH/metaKaolin). The process parameters investigated are catalyst (1-6 g), ethanol ...
Read More
Utilization of locally sourced materials promote raw materials Biodiesel was produced by transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) with ethanol in the presence of non-synthetic heterogeneous catalyst (combination of KOH/metaKaolin). The process parameters investigated are catalyst (1-6 g), ethanol (10-25 wt% ethanol/%wt PKO), reaction temperature (30-120 oC) and reaction time, (60-100 min). These parameters were considered for optimization using Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design (CCD) for yield of biodiesel produced. The optimum yield of biodiesel of 96.00% was obtained using the optimized numerical values of 17.50% ethanol (by mass of PKO) and 3.50 g catalyst at 75.00 oC for 80.00 min. The viscosity (4.84 mm2/s), specific gravity (0.86), pour point (+5.00 oC), flash point (178.00 oC), and cloud point (+8.00 oC) of the biodiesel obtained at optimum condition compared favorably with ASTM standards. It was inferred from the research that biodiesel with suitable fuel properties can be produced from PKO using non-synthetic KOH impregnated on Kaolin with ethanol extracted from agricultural based raw materials.
S. Premkumar; K. Ramanarasimha; E.S. Prakash
Abstract
This work presents the design and development of solar crop dryer with drained SAE 20/40 from vehicles oil as heat storage material. The details design, fabrication and experimental analysis procedure of the developed dryer are explained. The crops used during the experiments were potato slices ...
Read More
This work presents the design and development of solar crop dryer with drained SAE 20/40 from vehicles oil as heat storage material. The details design, fabrication and experimental analysis procedure of the developed dryer are explained. The crops used during the experiments were potato slices (2 kg) and ginger (2 Kg) while air velocity maintained at 10 m/s. Potato slices of upper and lower trays have taken the drying time of 5 hours and 6 hour to reach safe storage moisture content of below 15 % and whereas ginger of upper tray and lower tray have taken drying time of 9 and 10 hours to reach moisture content of below 15. The maximum value of instantaneous of the collector (Oil bath) efficiency reported was 57. 48 % and minimum value was 18.59 %.
I. M. Rafizul; D. Datta
Abstract
Clay soil and their related irregular behavior such as shrinkage, swelling, desiccation cracks etc. are the main concern for the construction of composite clay liner (CCL) in waste landfill site. In this study, an investigation was conducted on a scaled model of prototype landfill liner to quantify both ...
Read More
Clay soil and their related irregular behavior such as shrinkage, swelling, desiccation cracks etc. are the main concern for the construction of composite clay liner (CCL) in waste landfill site. In this study, an investigation was conducted on a scaled model of prototype landfill liner to quantify both the geometrical and morphological characteristics of desiccation crack of CCL. For evaluating its cracking behavior cement, Khoa Brick and fiber were used as additives for two phases of investigation. In this study, for the quantification of geometrical and morphological characteristics of desiccation crack of CCL, both the image-based algorithms on MATLAB and Image J software was performed. To evaluate additives significance on soil, surface crack ratio, average length and width of cracks, number of crack segments, crack density and others related parameters were determined. Results showed significant impact on clayed soil due to presence of various types and percentages of additives. Experiential results depicted that surface crack ratio increases with reducing water content on prototype sample and finally stabilized its propagation. For preparing CCL with clay from selected landfill site of Khulna the optimum content of additives were found 5, 5 and 1.5% for Khoa Brick, cement and polymer fiber, respectively.
N. Raghavendra
Abstract
In this investigation, the application of the Ceftin drug on the prevention of the corrosion of carbon steel in 3 % NaCl solution was examined through weight loss (mass loss), gasometric and atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. The effectiveness of the Ceftin drug as corrosion inhibitor for carbon ...
Read More
In this investigation, the application of the Ceftin drug on the prevention of the corrosion of carbon steel in 3 % NaCl solution was examined through weight loss (mass loss), gasometric and atomic absorption spectroscopy techniques. The effectiveness of the Ceftin drug as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel was proved by weight loss, gasometric and atomic absorption spectroscopy results. The increase in the Ceftin drug concentration decreases the carbon steel weight loss in the 3 % NaCl solution, which is due to the formation of invisible thick layer on the carbon steel in the 3 % NaCl solution. The increase in the contact time decreases the corrosion inhibition property of expired Ceftin drug. Gasometric studies show that, the amount of hydrogen gas evolved decreases with rise in the concentration of 3 % NaCl solution. The results of atomic absorption spectroscopy well support the weight loss (mass loss) and gasometric results.