Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Editorial Staff

Best Academic Tools

Specialized Indexing Databases

Related Links

FAQ

News

Publication Ethics

Predatory and Misleading Metrics

Paper Preparation Guide

Paper Template

Journal Forms

Word Count Policy

Editors

Web of Science Profile

Reviewers

Reviewers Responsibilities

Peer Review Process

Web of Science Profile

Be as Top Peer Reviewer & Editor

The Effect of Probabilistic Window Opening Behavior of Occupants on Adaptive Thermal Comfort (The Case of Courtyard House in Yazd, Bandar Abbas, and Tabriz)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Architectural Engineering and Urbanism, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

Abstract

Considering the global energy crisis and the need to reduce energy consumption while providing thermal comfort to occupants, building performance prediction using building simulation programs requires higher accuracy of output data. Therefore, it seems necessary to study the impact of occupant behavior, which is the main source of uncertainty in residential buildings. The traditional courtyard houses, which are recognized as a successful passive house model, respond to different climatic conditions. Therefore, this research focuses on this building type to analyze occupant window opening control scenarios and determine which control works better. For this purpose, several probabilistic controls and their effects on the adaptive thermal comfort of occupants in zones around a central courtyard were compared in the three cities of Yazd, Bandar Abbas, and Tabriz. Energy Plus was used as a simulation program for the application of Grasshopper's energy management system (EMS) along with the Ladybug and Honeybee environmental plugins. The results show that the window control algorithms can increase the adaptive thermal comfort of occupants by 25.7%, 32.2%, and 20.3% in each of the climates of Yazd, Bandar Abbas, and Tabriz cities, respectively. Indoor and outdoor temperature were the most significant variables for opening windows in the warm and cold seasons, respectively.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
  1. Socolow, R.H., 1978. Saving energy in the home: Princeton’s experiments at Twin Rivers. Ballinger Publishing Company.
  2. Meier, A., 2010. How people actually use thermostats.
  3. Andersen, R.K., 2012. The influence of occupants’ behaviour on energy consumption investigated in 290 identical dwellings and in 35 apartments. Proc Heal Build 2012, Brisbane, Australia.
  4. Muroni, A., Gaetani, I., Hoes, P.-J., and Hensen, J.L.M., 2019. Occupant behavior in identical residential buildings: A case study for occupancy profiles extraction and application to building performance simulation. Building Simulation, 12(6), pp.1047–1061. Doi: 10.1007/s12273-019-0573-x
  5. Fabi, V., Andersen, R.V., Corgnati, S., and Olesen, B.W., 2012. Occupants’ window opening behaviour: A literature review of factors influencing occupant behaviour and models. Building and Environment, 58, pp.188–198. Doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.07.009
  6. ASHRAE, 2020. Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy,ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2020.
  7. Gunay, H.B., O’Brien, W., Beausoleil-Morrison, I., and Gilani, S., 2017. Development and implementation of an adaptive lighting and blinds control algorithm. Building and Environment, 113, pp.185–199. Doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.08.027
  8. Humphreys, M.A., and Fergus Nicol, J., 2002. The validity of ISO-PMV for predicting comfort votes in every-day thermal environments. Energy and Buildings, 34(6), pp.667–684. Doi: 10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00018-X
  9. Soflaei, F., Shokouhian, M., Tabadkani, A., Moslehi, H., and Berardi, U., 2020. A simulation-based model for courtyard housing design based on adaptive thermal comfort. Journal of Building Engineering, 31, pp.101335. Doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101335
  10. IEA, “Data and statistics, total final consumption (TFC) by sector, Islamic Republic of Iran 1990–2017,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/?country5IRAN&fuel 5Energy%2520consumption&indicator5Total%2520final%2520consumptio
  11. Taheri, J., Moghadam, T.T., Taheri, S., Safari, M.K., and Eslami, F., 2022. Assessment of passive design strategies in traditional houses of Sabzevar, Iran. Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development, 12(4), pp.570–592.
  12. Zamani, Z., Heidari, S., and Hanachi, P., 2018. Reviewing the thermal and microclimatic function of courtyards. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 93, pp.580–595. Doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.05.055
  13. Bagheri Sabzevar, H., and Erfan, Z., 2021. Effect of Fixed Louver Shading Devices on Thermal Efficiency. Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment, 12(4), pp.349–357. Doi: 10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.04.08
  14. Haldi, F., Calì, D., Andersen, R.K., Wesseling, M., and Müller, D., 2017. Modelling diversity in building occupant behaviour: a novel statistical approach. Journal of Building Performance Simulation, 10(5–6), pp.527–544. Doi: 10.1080/19401493.2016.1269245
  15. Chi, F., Xu, L., and Peng, C., 2020. Integration of completely passive cooling and heating systems with daylighting function into courtyard building towards energy saving. Applied Energy, 266, pp.114865. Doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114865
  16. Acosta, I., Navarro, J., and Sendra, J.J., 2014. Lighting design in courtyards: Predictive method of daylight factors under overcast sky conditions. Renewable Energy, 71, pp.243–254. Doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2014.05.020
  17. Toris-Guitron, M.G., Esparza-López, C.J., Luna-León, A., and Pozo, C.E., 2022. Evaluation of the thermal performance of traditional courtyard houses in a warm humid climate: Colima, Mexico. Heritage Science, 10(1), pp.187. Doi: 10.1186/s40494-022-00820-4
  18. Che, W., Cao, Z., Shi, Y., and Yu, C.W., 2022. Renewal and upgrading of a courtyard building in the historic and cultural district of Beijing: Design concept of “multiple coexistence” and a case study. Indoor and Built Environment, 31(2), pp.522–536. Doi: 10.1177/1420326X211010359
  19. Li, M., Jin, Y., and Guo, J., 2022. Dynamic characteristics and adaptive design methods of enclosed courtyard: A case study of a single-story courtyard dwelling in China. Building and Environment, 223, pp.109445. Doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109445
  20. Leng, J., Wang, Q., and Liu, K., 2020. Sustainable design of courtyard environment: From the perspectives of airborne diseases control and human health. Sustainable Cities and Society, 62, pp.102405. Doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2020.102405
  21. Amini, R., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., Ghaffarianhoseini, A., and Berardi, U., 2021. Numerical investigation of indoor thermal comfort and air quality for a multi-purpose hall with various shading and glazing ratios. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 22, pp.100812. Doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2020.100812
  22. Sorgato, M.J., Melo, A.P., and Lamberts, R., 2016. The effect of window opening ventilation control on residential building energy consumption. Energy and Buildings, 133, pp.1–13. Doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.09.059
  23. Giridharan, R., and Emmanuel, R., 2018. The impact of urban compactness, comfort strategies and energy consumption on tropical urban heat island intensity: A review. Sustainable Cities and Society, 40, pp.677–687. Doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.024
  24. Nicol, J.F., and Humphreys, M.A., 2004. A stochastic approach to thermal comfort-occupant behavior and energy use in buildings/discussion. ASHRAE Transactions, 110, pp.554.
  25. Schalbart, P., Vorger, E., and Peuporter, B., 2021. Stochastic Prediction of Residents’ Activities and Related Energy Management. In: Towards Energy Smart Homes. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 543–604.
  26. Andersen, R., Fabi, V., Toftum, J., Corgnati, S.P., and Olesen, B.W., 2013. Window opening behaviour modelled from measurements in Danish dwellings. Building and Environment, 69, pp.101–113. Doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.07.005
  27. Shi, S., and Zhao, B., 2016. Occupants’ interactions with windows in 8 residential apartments in Beijing and Nanjing, China. Building Simulation, 9(2), pp.221–231. Doi: 10.1007/s12273-015-0266-z
  28. Calì, D., Andersen, R.K., Müller, D., and Olesen, B.W., 2016. Analysis of occupants’ behavior related to the use of windows in German households. Building and Environment, 103, pp.54–69. Doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.03.024
  29. Jones, R. V., Fuertes, A., Gregori, E., and Giretti, A., 2017. Stochastic behavioural models of occupants’ main bedroom window operation for UK residential buildings. Building and Environment, 118, pp.144–158. Doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.03.033
  30. Yao, M., and Zhao, B., 2017. Factors affecting occupants’ interactions with windows in residential buildings in Beijing, China. Procedia Engineering, 205, pp.3428–3434. Doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.857
  31. Fabi, V., Andersen, R.V., Corgnati, S.P., and Olesen, B.W., 2013. A methodology for modelling energy-related human behaviour: Application to window opening behaviour in residential buildings. Building Simulation, 6(4), pp.415–427. Doi: 10.1007/s12273-013-0119-6
  32. Barthelmes, V.M., Becchio, C., Fabi, V., and Corgnati, S.P., 2017. Occupant behaviour lifestyles and effects on building energy use: Investigation on high and low performing building features. Energy Procedia, 140, pp.93–101. Doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.11.126
  33. Park, J., and Choi, C., 2019. Modeling occupant behavior of the manual control of windows in residential buildings. Indoor Air, 29(2), pp.242–251. Doi: 10.1111/ina.12522
  34. Yao, M., and Zhao, B., 2017. Window opening behavior of occupants in residential buildings in Beijing. Building and Environment, 124, pp.441–449. Doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.08.035
  35. Fabi, V., Andersen, R.K., and Corgnati, S., 2015. Verification of stochastic behavioural models of occupants’ interactions with windows in residential buildings. Building and Environment, 94, pp.371–383. Doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.08.016
  36. McLeod, R.S., Hopfe, C.J., and Kwan, A., 2013. An investigation into future performance and overheating risks in Passivhaus dwellings. Building and Environment, 70, pp.189–209. Doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.08.024
  37. Liu, H., Wu, Y., Li, B., Cheng, Y., and Yao, R., 2017. Seasonal variation of thermal sensations in residential buildings in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter zone of China. Energy and Buildings, 140, pp.9–18. Doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.01.066
  38. Ghobadian, V., 1995. Climatic analysis of the traditional Iranian buildings, Tehran.
  39. File, E.P.W., Available online: https://climate. onebuilding. org/WMO_Region_2_Asia/IRN_Iran/index html (accessed 1 May 2022).
  40. De Dear, R., and Brager, G.S., 1998. Developing an adaptive model of thermal comfort and preference. UC Berkeley Cent Built Environ Retrieved from https//escholarship.org/uc/item/4qq2p9c6
  41. Roudsari, M.S., Pak, M., and Smith, A., 2013. Ladybug: a parametric environmental plugin for grasshopper to help designers create an environmentally-conscious design. In: Proceedings of the 13th international IBPSA conference held in Lyon, France Aug. pp 3128–3135.
  42. Pilechiha, P., Norouziasas, A., Ghorbani Naeini, H., and Jolma, K., 2022. Evaluation of occupant’s adaptive thermal comfort behaviour in naturally ventilated courtyard houses. Smart and Sustainable Built Environment, 11(4), pp.793–811. Doi: 10.1108/SASBE-02-2021-0020
  43. Tabadkani, A., Aghasizadeh, S., Banihashemi, S., and Hajirasouli, A., 2022. Courtyard design impact on indoor thermal comfort and utility costs for residential households: Comparative analysis and deep-learning predictive model. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11(5), pp.963–980. Doi: 10.1016/j.foar.2022.02.006
  44. Tabadkani, A., Roetzel, A., Xian Li, H., Tsangrassoulis, A., and Attia, S., 2021. Analysis of the impact of automatic shading control scenarios on occupant’s comfort and energy load. Applied Energy, 294, pp.116904. Doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.116904
  45. Reinhart, C.F., 2004. Lightswitch-2002: a model for manual and automated control of electric lighting and blinds. Solar Energy, 77(1), pp.15–28. Doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2004.04.003
  46. ASHRAE, 2013. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2013, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings.
  47. Rijal, H.B., Honjo, M., Kobayashi, R., and Nakaya, T., 2013. Investigation of comfort temperature, adaptive model and the window-opening behaviour in Japanese houses. Architectural Science Review, 56(1), pp.54–69. Doi: 10.1080/00038628.2012.744295
  48. Zhong, X., Zhang, Z., Wu, W., and Ridley, I., 2020. Comprehensive evaluation of energy and indoor-PM2.5-exposure performance of residential window and roller blind control strategies. Energy and Buildings, 223, pp.110206. Doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110206
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
Volume 14, Issue 3
July 2023
Pages 252-262
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics