F. Al-Badaii; A. Abdul Halim
Abstract
In this study, drinking water sources including drilled wells (DW), water tankers (WT), stabilized water tanks (SWT), and plastic bottles (PB) as sequential sample were assessed at Dhamar City, Yemen to investigate the microbial contamination and the potential risk of contamination using microbial indicators ...
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In this study, drinking water sources including drilled wells (DW), water tankers (WT), stabilized water tanks (SWT), and plastic bottles (PB) as sequential sample were assessed at Dhamar City, Yemen to investigate the microbial contamination and the potential risk of contamination using microbial indicators and multiple antibiotic resistance index. The sequential sample involving, 5 drilled wells, 10 water tankers, 20 water tanks, and 100 plastic bottles. The study encompassed five sequential samples. Each water sample was collected in triplicate and analyzed for E.coli as a microbial indicator and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Results indicated that all the water samples were contaminated by E.coli and total coliform exceeded the acceptable levels recommended by WHO of microbial quality of drinking water. E.coli isolates (240) showed high resistance to the tested antibiotics comprising 79.82% to ampicillin, 78.32% to gentamicin, 67.5% to ceftriaxone, 19.98% to ciprofloxacin, 18.32% to amoxiclav, and 33.34% were resistant to tetracycline. The multiple antibiotic resistance index of E. coli that showed resistant to three antibiotics ranged from 0.19 to 0.24 for all the tested samples and exceeded the threshold value of 0.2 for all samples except sequential sample 4, indicating a high risk of contamination for drinking water effected by anthropogenic activities related to urbanization, accumulation of microbial contamination during the various transferring processes of water from the source into households, as well as misuse and greater exposure to antibiotics in humans and poultry farms, which may pose a high ecological risk to the waters.
G. O. Olutona; O. O. Daniel
Abstract
Several nations of the world are facing crisis level of acute food security and malnutrition which required urgent attention. Melon very rich in protein, oil, minerals, vitamins and good source of energy. As a result, the high contamination of melon with heavy metals and pesticide residues threatens ...
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Several nations of the world are facing crisis level of acute food security and malnutrition which required urgent attention. Melon very rich in protein, oil, minerals, vitamins and good source of energy. As a result, the high contamination of melon with heavy metals and pesticide residues threatens human and ecosystem. Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) and trace metals were undertaken in melon obtained from five major towns in Nigeria. Analytical instruments were used to analyze the extracted OCPs from dichloromethane and digested melon samples, respectively. The overall metal content per site of the studied elements in the selected sites was determined and it was in the following decreasing order: Mokwa > Bida > Suleja > Borgu > Saki. The mean metal concentrations were in the following decreasing order: Pb > Zn > Ni > Co > Cd. With exceptions of locations where Ni and Pb were below detection limit, the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Ni in other locations were above WHO/FAO recommended limit. Concentrations of Zn and Co were below WHO/FAO limits. Out of 17 isomers of OCPs analyzed only five isomers were detected. The overall OCPs content per site of the studied elements in the selected sites was determined and it was in the decreasing order: Bida > Borgu > Saki > Suleja. OCP was not detected in melon samples obtained from Mokwa. With exception of endosulfan II, endrin aldehyde, heptachlor, DDE and λ –BHC were above their respective maximum residual limit. Environmental monitoring and education are highly recommended.
