Remediation of Phenol-contaminated Aqueous Solutions by Synthesized Organoclay

Nasrollahpour, S.; Yousefi Kebria, D.; Ghavami, M.

doi:10.5829/ijee.2019.10.04.03

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

¹ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Babol Noushirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran

² Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, USA

https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2019.10.04.03

Abstract

Phenol and its metabolites are among the hazardous organic compounds, due to their carcinogenicity, toxicity, long term persistence in the environment. The purposes of this study are the synthesis of organoclay as an adsorbent with high physicochemical stability, environmental compatibility and its application for remediation of aqueous solutions contaminated with phenol. In this research, organoclay was synthesized by the combination of sodium bentonite and Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) surfactant with three different Cation Exchange Capacities (CECs). As well as, adsorption capacity of synthesized organoclay was determined during reuse until saturation. The results revealed that the removal efficiencies of phenol at concentrations of 100, 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/L were 68, 84, 82, and 80%, respectively. In general, the use of organoclay can be an alternative to the complex and expensive systems for the removal of phenol from aqueous solutions with respect to its simplicity, high performance, and cost-effectiveness.

Keywords

References

1. Law, R.J. and Klungsoyr, J., 2000. The analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine samples. International Journal of Environment and Pollution, 13(1-6), pp.262-283.

2. Soleimani, M., 2013. Transport of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a calcareous wetland soil. Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences, 11(2), pp.131-140.

3. Tolosa, I., Mesa-Albernas, M. and Alonso-Hernandez, C.M., 2009. Inputs and sources of hydrocarbons in sediments from Cienfuegos bay, Cuba. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 58(11), pp.1624-1634.

4. Liu, Y., Zhou, S., Yang, F., Qin, H. and Kong, Y., 2016. Degradation of phenol in industrial wastewater over the F–Fe/TiO₂ photocatalysts under visible light illumination. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 24(12), pp.1712-1718.

5. Arutchelvan, V., Kanakasabai, V., Nagarajan, S. and Muralikrishnan, V., 2005. Isolation and identification of novel high strength phenol degrading bacterial strains from phenol-formaldehyde resin manufacturing industrial wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 127(1-3), pp.238-243.

6. Chhonkar, P.K., Datta, S.P., Joshi, H.C. and Pathak, H., 2000. Impact of industrial effluents on soil health and agriculture-Indian experience: part I-distillery and paper mill effluents. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 59(5), pp.350-361.

7. Méndez, J.O., Melian, J.H., Araña, J., Rodriguez, J.D., Diaz, O.G. and Pena, J.P., 2015. Detoxification of waters contaminated with phenol, formaldehyde and phenol–formaldehyde mixtures using a combination of biological treatments and advanced oxidation techniques. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 163, pp.63-73.

8. Rappoport, Z., 2003. The Chemistry of Phenols Vols 1 and 2, 395–490, Wiley-VCH.

9. Al-Ghouti, M.A., Li, J., Salamh, Y., Al-Laqtah, N., Walker, G. and Ahmad, M.N., 2010. Adsorption mechanisms of removing heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solution using date pits solid adsorbent. Journal of hazardous materials, 176(1-3), pp.510-520.

10. Al-Muhtaseb, S.A., 2009. Adsorption and desorption equilibria of nitrogen, methane, ethane, and ethylene on date-pit activated carbon. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 55(1), pp.313-319.

11. Aivalioti, M., Pothoulaki, D., Papoulias, P. and Gidarakos, E., 2012. Removal of BTEX, MTBE and TAME from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto raw and thermally treated lignite. Journal of hazardous materials, 207, pp.136-146.

12. Costa, A.S., Romão, L.P.C., Araújo, B.R., Lucas, S.C.O., Maciel, S.T.A., Wisniewski Jr, A. and Alexandre, M.D.R., 2012. Environmental strategies to remove volatile aromatic fractions (BTEX) from petroleum industry wastewater using biomass. Bioresource Technology, 105, pp.31-39.

13. Lofrano, G., 2012. Emerging compounds removal from wastewater: natural and solar based treatments. Springer Science & Business Media.

14. Nourmoradi, H., Nikaeen, M. and Khiadani, M., 2012. Removal of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) from aqueous solutions by montmorillonite modified with nonionic surfactant: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study. Chemical Engineering Journal, 191, pp.341-348.

15. Paiva, L.B. and Morales, A.R., 2012. Organophilic bentonites based on argentinean and Brazilian bentonites: Part 1: influence of intrinsic properties of sodium bentonites on the final properties of organophilic bentonites prepared by solid-liquid and semisolid reactions. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 29(3), pp.525-536.

16. Cross, J., 1998. Anionic surfactants: analytical chemistry (Vol. 73). CRC Press.

17. Sharma, H.D. and Reddy, K.R., 2004. Geoenvironmental engineering: site remediation, waste containment, and emerging waste management technologies. John Wiley & Sons.

18. Liu, R., Frost, R.L. and Martens, W.N., 2009. Near infrared and mid infrared investigations of adsorbed phenol on HDTMAB organoclays. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 113(2-3), pp.707-713.

19. Banat, F.A., Al-Bashir, B., Al-Asheh, S. and Hayajneh, O., 2000. Adsorption of phenol by bentonite. Environmental pollution, 107(3), pp.391-398.

20. Rauf, N., Ikram, M. and Tahir, S.S., 1999. Adsorption studies of Cu^II from aqueous/acidic solutions on to bentonite. Adsorption Science & Technology, 17(5), pp.431-440.

21. Al-Asheh, S., Banat, F. and Abu-Aitah, L., 2003. Adsorption of phenol using different types of activated bentonites. Separation and purification technology, 33(1), pp.1-10.

22. Koh, S.M. and Dixon, J.B., 2001. Preparation and application of organo-minerals as sorbents of phenol, benzene and toluene. Applied Clay Science, 18(3-4), pp.111-122.

23. Carvalho, M.N., Da Motta, M., Benachour, M., Sales, D.C.S. and Abreu, C.A.M., 2012. Evaluation of BTEX and phenol removal from aqueous solution by multi-solute adsorption onto smectite organoclay. Journal of hazardous materials, 239, pp.95-101.

24. Slinkard, K. and Singleton, V.L., 1977. Total phenol analysis: automation and comparison with manual methods. American journal of enology and viticulture, 28(1), pp.49-55.

25. Froehner, S., Martins, R.F., Furukawa, W. and Errera, M.R., 2009. Water remediation by adsorption of phenol onto hydrophobic modified clay. Water, air, and soil pollution, 199(1-4), pp.107-113.

26. Yapar, S., Özbudak, V., Dias, A. and Lopes, A., 2005. Effect of adsorbent concentration to the adsorption of phenol on hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium-bentonite. Journal of hazardous materials, 121(1-3), pp.135-139.

27. Al-Asheh, S., Banat, F. and Abu-Aitah, L., 2003. Adsorption of phenol using different types of activated bentonites. Separation and purification technology, 33(1), pp.1-10.

28. Yapar, S. and Yilmaz, M., 2005. Removal of phenol by using montmorillonite, clinoptilolite and hydrotalcite. Adsorption, 10(4), pp.287-298.

29. Huang, R., Zheng, D., Yang, B. and Wang, B., 2012. Preparation and simultaneous sorption of CTMAB–HTCC bentonite towards phenol and Cd (II). Desalination and Water Treatment, 44(1-3), pp.276-283.

30. Djebbar, M., Djafri, F., Bouchekara, M. and Djafri, A., 2012. Adsorption of phenol on natural clay. Applied Water Science, 2(2), pp.77-86.

31. Binoy, S., Xi, Y., Megharaj, M., Krishnamurti, G.S.R. and Ravi, N., 2010. Adsorption of phenol by HDTMA-modified organoclay. In Proceedings of the 19th World Congress of Soil Science: Soil solutions for a changing world, Australia, pp.1-3.

Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment

Remediation of Phenol-contaminated Aqueous Solutions by Synthesized Organoclay

References

References

Volume 10, Issue 4
December 2019
Pages 242-247

Remediation of Phenol-contaminated Aqueous Solutions by Synthesized Organoclay

References

References

Volume 10, Issue 4December 2019Pages 242-247

Volume 10, Issue 4
December 2019
Pages 242-247