Isoprothiolane Degradation in Water Column of Paddy Field from Penaga Village, Seberang Perai Utara, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

Authors

School of Industrial Technology, Environmental Technology Division, Universiti Sains, Malaysia

Abstract

Rice field is one of the agriculture areas in Malaysia that is exposed to the usage of pesticide before the paddy planting phase, during vegetative phase and the post- harvesting phase. The study was to determine the water quality and also degradation of isoprothiolane in paddy field water samples. Isoprothiolane is one of the fungicides that is used during the vegetative phase to kill the fungi on the paddies. This study of isoprothiolane degradation in water samples was conducted in four different conditions, namely autoclaved water sample exposed to sunlight, autoclaved water sample kept in dark, non-autoclave water sample exposed to sunlight and non-autoclaved water sample kept in dark via laboratory batch experiment in a course of 30 days. The extraction and determination of the isoprothiolane in the water samples were done by solid phase extraction method (SPE) and analyzed by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS).  The study revealed that isoprothiolane degraded very slowly in all four conditions within 30 days of observation, and the degradation rates ranged from 0.0003 to 0.0037 day-1. The study also proved that the residue of isoprothiolane remained at least a month after its application.

Keywords

References

  1. Arias-Estévez, M., E. López-Periago, E. Martínez-Carballo, J. Simal-Gándara, J.-C. Mejuto, and L. García-Río, 2008. The mobility and degradation of pesticides in soils and the pollution of groundwater resources. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 123(4): 247-260.
  2. Hijosa-Valsero, M., E. Becares, C. Fernandez-Alaez, M. Fernandez-Alaez, R. Mayo, and J.J. Jimenez, 2016. Chemical pollution in inland shallow lakes in the Mediterranean region (NW Spain): PAHs, insecticides and herbicides in water and sediments. Sci Total Environ, 544: 797-810.
  3. Ahmada, M.I., N.A. Ahmada, S.A. Muhammada, and N. Esab, 2014. A Survey on Use, Hazards and Potential Risks of Rice Farming Pesticides in Permatang Keriang, Pulau Pinang (Malaysia). International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 4(10): 1-11.
  4. Ecobichon, D.J., 2001. Pesticide use in developing countries. Toxicology, 160(1): 27-33.
  5. Burrows, H.D., J. Santaballa, and S. Steenken, 2002. Reaction pathways and mechanisms of photodegradation of pesticides. Journal of photochemistry and photobiology B: Biology, 67(2): 71-108.
  6. Iram, N., M. Arshad, and N. Akhter, 2013. Evaluation of botanical and synthetic insecticide for the control of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Bio Assay, 8(3).
  7. Racke, K., M. Skidmore, D. Hamilton, J. Unsworth, J. Miyamoto, and S. Cohen, 1997. Pesticides report 38. Pesticide fate in tropical soils (technical report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 69(6): 1349-1372.
  8. Farahani, G., Z. Zakaria, A. Kuntom, and B. Ismail, 2012. Persistence of carbofuran in Malaysian waters. Am. Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci, 12: 616-623.
  9. Lartiges, S.B. and P.P. Garrigues, 1995. Degradation kinetics of organophosphorus and organonitrogen pesticides in different waters under various environmental conditions. Environmental science & technology, 29(5): 1246-1254.
  10. Daam, M.A., S.J. Crum, P.J. Van den Brink, and A.J. Nogueira, 2008. Fate and effects of the insecticide chlorpyrifos in outdoor plankton‐dominated microcosms in Thailand. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 27(12): 2530-2538.
  11. Abdullah, A.R., C.M. Bajet, M.A. Matin, D.D. Nhan, and A.H. Sulaiman, 1997. Ecotoxicology of pesticides in the tropical paddy field ecosystem. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 16(1): 59-70.
  12. Daam, M.A. and P.J. Van den Brink, 2010. Implications of differences between temperate and tropical freshwater ecosystems for the ecological risk assessment of pesticides. Ecotoxicology, 19(1): 24-37.
  13. Craig A. Lockard, O.J.B., Thomas R. Leinbach & Zakaria Bin Ahmad. Malaysia's Climate. 2017  [cited 2017 21 May]; Available from: https://www.britannica.com/place/Malaysia/Climate.
  14. Ismail, B., H. Siti, and L. Talib, 2012. Pesticide residue levels in the surface water of the irrigation canals in The Muda Irrigation Scheme Kedah, Malaysia. IJBAS-IJENS, 12(6): 85-90.
  15. Ahmad, H., M.A.A. Rashid, N. Ismail, and N. Mohamed, 2014. Impact of Rice Paddies Plantation Activities on Surface Water Quality in Mukim 5, Seberang Perai Utara, Malaysia. Int'l Journal of Advances in Agricultural & Environmental Engg, 1(1): 2349-1531.
  16. Singh, P., Rural Reconstruction, Ecosystem and Forestry1993: MD Publications Pvt. Ltd.
  17. Manaff Mahmood, A. and N. Abdullah, 2007. Impact of Rice Paddies Plantation on Surface Water Quality in Kelantan, Malaysia. Seminar Penyelidikan Pendidikan Zon Terengganu/Kelantan: 1–11.
  18. Mohamad, Z.B., Kajian kualiti air di Kuala Sungai Danga, in Kejuruteraan Awam2006, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
  19. Pesce, S.F. and D.A. Wunderlin, 2004. Biodegradation of lindane by a native bacterial consortium isolated from contaminated river sediment. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 54(4): 255-260.
  20. Deas, M.L. and G.T. Orlob, Klamath River modeling project1999: Center for Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Resources Modeling Group, University of California.
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
Volume 8, Issue 4
October 2017
Pages 255-261

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics