Energy Efficient Design Optimization of a Building Envelope in a Temperate and Humid Climate

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Art and Architecture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Art and Architecture, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran

Abstract

A building envelope plays a key role in controlling the internal environmental conditions. The evaluation of façade designs for naturally ventilated residential buildings in the temperate and humid climate of Iran was carried out to optimize façade design for energy saving. Firstly, the common types of building materials were identified through a field study. In the next step, a computer simulation was conducted to investigate the impact of façade design parameters, including U- values, window to wall ratio (WWR), the open able part of the window, and the length of shading devices on buildings energy consumption. The simulation results indicate that the building envelopes constructed with Lightweight Steel Framed (LSF), 3D Panels, and Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) blocks are more effective than the other investigated materials, for reducing heating and cooling loads of the building. Using these materials can reduce the energy consumption for heating and cooling by 45%. Large and unprotected windows increase the building energy demands and require additional control devices. Therefore, 25%WWR, with 300mm horizontal shading devices in four steps, light opaque internal curtains, and windows with low emission glass parts that are closed during noon and afternoon hot hours were suggested and analyzed for the studied climate.

Keywords

References

  1. Nasrollahi, F., Urban and Architectural Criteria for Reducing Building Energy Consumption, National Energy Committee of Iran. 2012: Tehran, Iran.
  2. Ghyasvand, H. and Ghyasvand, J., 2009. Pathology of Thermal Insulation in Residential Buildings Case Study of Residential Buildings in Shahid Beheshti Town, Hamedan. The First Sustainable Architecture Conference, Iran.
  3. Thalfeldta, M., Pikasa, E., Kurnitskia, J. and Vollb, H., 2013. Facade Design Principles for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings in a Cold Climate. Energy and Buildings, 67(1), pp.309-321.
  4. Bergh, S., Hart, R., Jelle, B. and Gustavsen, A., 2013. Window Spacers and Edge Seals in Insulating Glass Units: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Perspectives. Energy Building, 58(1), pp.263-280.
  5. Kalnæs, S. and Jelle, B., 2014. Vacuum Insulation Panel Products: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Research Pathways. Applied Energy, 116(1), pp.355-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.11.032
  6. Sadafi, N., Salleh, E., Haw, L. and Jaafar, M., 2012. Potential Design Parameters for Enhancing Thermal Comfort in Tropical Terrace House: A Case Study in Kuala Lumpur. ALAM CIPTA Journal, 3(1), pp.15-24.
  7. Mohammad, S. and Andrew, S., 2013. Performance Evaluation of Modern Building Therma Envelope Design in the Semi-Arid Continental Climate of Tehran. Buildings, 3(1), pp.674-688. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings3040674
  8. Naiji, K. and Klaus, R., 2012. Investigating the Effect of Thermal Mass of the Outer Crust on the South of the Building in Tehran on Its Annual Energy Consumption, in Paper presented at the second international conference on modern energy saving approaches. South Pars Energy Economy Special Zone, Tehran, Iran.
  9. Sekhavatmand, B., Zolfaghari, S.A., Rahimpour, M. and Moslehi, H., 2013. Analysis of the Effect of External Building Shell on the Performance of the Casing System in the Climate of Tehran, in second national climate conference, building and energy efficiency optimization. Organization of interest Energy of Iran, Isfahan, Iran.
  10. Rezazadeh, N. and Medi, H., 2017. Thermal Behavior of Double Skin Facade in Terms of Energy Consumption in the Climate of North of Iran-Rasht. Space Ontology International Journal, 6(4), pp.33-48.
  11. Goia, F., Hasse, M. and Perino, M., 2013. Optimizing the Configuration of a Facade Module for Office Buildings by Means of Integrated Thermal and Lighting Simulations in a Total Energy Perspective. Applied Energy, 108(1), pp.515-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.02.063
  12. Ochoa, C., Aries, M., Loenen E. and Hensen, J., 2012. Consideration on Design Optimization Criteria for Windows Providing Low Energy Consumption and High Visual Comfort. Applied Energy, 95(C), pp.238-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.042
  13. Poirazis, H., Blomsterberg A. and Wall, M., 2008. Energy Simulations for Glazed Office Buildings in Sweden. Energy and Buildings, 40(7), pp.1161-1170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.10.011
  14. Motuziene, V. and Juodis, E. S., 2010. Simulation Based Complex Energy Assessment of Office Building Fenestration. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 16(3), pp.345–351. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2010.39
  15. Baetens, R., Jelle B. and Gustavsen, A., 2010. Properties, Requirements and Possibilities of Smart Windows for Dynamic Daylight and Solar Energy Control in Buildings: A State-of-the-Art Review. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 94(2), pp.87-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2009.08.021
  16. Kosir, M., Gostisa T. and Kristl, Z., 2016. Search for an Optimised Building Envelope Configuration During Early Design Phase with Regard to the Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption, in CESB 16-Central Europe Towards Sustainable Building 2016: Inovativnost for Sustainable Building. pp:805-812.
  17. Tsikaloudaki, K., Laskos, K., Theodosiou, T. and Bikas, D., 2012. Assessing Cooling Energy Performance of Windows for Office Buildings in the Mediterranean Zone. Energy and Buildings, 49(1), pp.192-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.02.004
  18. Lee, J., Jung, H., Park, J., Lee, J. and Yoon, Y., 2013. Optimization of Building Window System in Asian Regions by Analyzing Solar Heat Gain and Daylighting Elements. Renewable Energy, 50(1), pp.522-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.07.029
  19. Skarning, G.C.J., Anker Hviid, C. and Svendsen, S., 2017. The Effect of Dynamic Solar Shading on Energy, Daylighting Andthermal Comfort in a Nearly Zero-Energy Loft Room in Rome Andcopenhagen. Energy and Building, 135(1), pp.302-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.11.053
  20. Moolavi Sanzighi, S., Soflaei, F. and Shokouhian, M., 2020. A Comparative Study of Thermal Performance in Three Generations of Iranian Residential Buildings: Case Studies in Csa Gorgan. Journal of Building Physics, 44(4), pp.326-363. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744259120906241
  21. BS En ISO 13790, Energy Performance of Buildings. Energy Needs for Heating and Cooling, Internal Temperatures and Sensible and Latent Heat Loads. Calculation Procedures. 2008, BSI. https://www.iso.org/standard/65696.html
  22. Granderson, J., Lin, G., Harding, A., Im, P. and Chen, Y., 2020. Building fault detection data to aid diagnostic algorithm creation and performance testing. Scientific data, 7(1), pp.1-14.
  23. Management & Planning Organization, 2003. Design Conditions, for Calculation of Heat Installation, Air Replacement and Air Conditioning for a Number of Cities in the Country, Code 271, Management and Planning organization of Iran: Tehran, Iran.
  24. Albatayneh, A., Alterman, D., Page, A. and Moghtaderi, B., 2019. Development of a New Metric to Characterise the Buildings Thermal Performance in a Temperate Climate. Energy for Sustainable Development, 51(1), pp.1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2019.04.002
  25. IRI, 2010. Ministry of Housing and Urbanism, Bureau for Compiling and Promoting National Regulations for Buildings; Code No. 19: Energy Efficiency, 5th Ed. Iran Development Press, pp:21-36. Iran Development Publishing.
  26. Santos, P., Martins, C., Da Silva, L. and Bragancxa, L., 2013. Thermal Performance of Lightweight Steel Framed Wall: The Importance of Flanking Thermal Losses. Journal of Building Physics, 1(1), pp.81-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744259113499212
  27. Ghalehnoei, A., Ghalehnoei, M., Rashidian, M.M. and Shakiba, M.R., 2017. Thermal and Acoustic Evaluation of Common Building Materials as Exterior Shells, in Second National Conference on Applied Research in Civil Engineering (Structural Engineering and Construction Management). Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
  28. Qasemi, M., Rahgozar, R. and Jaberzadeh, M., 2014. Investigation of Thermal Performance of Lsf Light Steel Frame Construction System, in 8th National Congress of Civil Engineering. Babol, Noshirvani University of Technology, Iran.
  29. Rouhani, M., Shafabakhsh, G.A. and Haddad, A.H., 2016. Simulation and Evaluation of Energy Stability of External Walls of Construction Industry, in 9th National Congress of Civil Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
  30. Ramli, N.H., 2012. Re-Adaptation of Malay House Thermal Comfort Design Elements into Modern Building Elements – Case Study of Selangor Traditional Malay House & Low Energy Building in Malaysia. Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment (Special Issue on Environmental Technology), 3(5), pp.19-23. https://dx.doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2012.03.05.04
  31. Abdoly Naser, S., Haghparast, F., Singery, M. and Sattari Sarbangholi, H., 2020, Providing an Optimal Execution Model for Windows Based on Glazing to Reduce Fossil Fuel Consumption (Case Study: Asman Residential Complex of Tabriz). Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 11(4), pp.260-270. https://dx.doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2020.11.04.03
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
Volume 12, Issue 3
September 2021
Pages 255-263

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics