Babol Noshirvani University of TechnologyIranica Journal of Energy & Environment2079-211512220210613More Secure Iranian Energy System: A Markal Based Energy Security Model for Iranian Energy Demand-side10010813170310.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.01ENA. Behzadi ForoughDepartment of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, IranN. NorouziDepartment of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, IranM. FaniDepartment of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran0000-0002-6558-5172Journal Article20210219As the world’s seventeenth-largest economy and a significant exporter of fossil fuels, the choice of future energy paths and policies that Iran will pursue over the next three decades will have a considerable impact on global energy security as a whole. Especially the eastern region. This article describes the current situation and recent trends in Iran’s energy sector, including demand and supply-side fuel sector. This paper discusses the state of current energy policy in Iran, focusing on changing the situation, developing and deploying renewable energy, liberalizing energy markets, and developing Iran’s energy sector. In the final part of the article, discussed Iran Long Range Alternative Energy Planning Software System dataset, several alternative energy paths for Iran’s energy demand side, emphasize alternative pathways to diversify energy and power. The expansion of GHG emissions and emissions reductions and the Iranian economy’s oil dependence is less - and address Iran’s current energy policy issues, as reflected in inputs and modeling results.https://www.ijee.net/article_131703_8f62472f8bf6cb9fe0510da5549608b3.pdfBabol Noshirvani University of TechnologyIranica Journal of Energy & Environment2079-211512220210613A Novel Direct Active and Reactive Power Control Method Using Fuzzy Super Twisting Algorithms and Modified Space Vector Modulation Technique for an Asynchronous Generator-based Dual-rotor Wind Powers10911713170410.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.02ENH. BenbouhenniDepartement de Génie Electrique, Ecole Nationale Polytechnique d’Oran Maurice Audin, BP 1523 EL M'NAOUER, Es-Sénia, Oran, Algérie0000-0001-8253-4863Journal Article20210413This work presents a novel direct active and reactive powers command (DARPC) scheme based on fuzzy super twisting algorithms (FSTAs) of an asynchronous generator (ASG) integrated into dual-rotor wind power (DRWP) systems. The DRWP has two sets of blades. So it is more efficient for collecting power from wind in comparison to a traditional wind turbine. The scientific works indicate that a DRWP could extract additional 20-30% power compared to a traditional wind turbine. The conventional DARPC control scheme using the conventional integral-proportional (PI) regulators (DARPC-PI) has considerable reactive and active power oscillations. In order to guarantee an effective DARPC technique for the ASG-based DRWP system and minimize these oscillations, FSTAs are used in this work. Both DARPC strategies are presented and simulated from two tests using Matlab software. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the designed DARPC control technique especially on the quality of the provided active and reactive power comparatively to the traditional DARPC control scheme with PI controllers.https://www.ijee.net/article_131704_54ceda44362b058de686464520b14cb9.pdfBabol Noshirvani University of TechnologyIranica Journal of Energy & Environment2079-211512220210613Modeling of Maximum Solar Power Tracking by Genetic Algorithm Method11812413170510.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.03ENM. JamiatiDepartment of Physics, Naragh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Naragh, Iran0000-0002-1590-5502Journal Article20210226This paper presents a model of solar cell by using MATLAB SIMULINK. P-V, I-V and P-I characteristics were studied for various values of irradiance at constant temperature. Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of Photovoltaic (PV) system using the direct control method. The main objective of this paper is to find out the optimal angle, which is used for the positional control of solar module and optimal power tracking. The principle of GAs is searching for the maximum of fitness function and not for the minimum of power derivation; this gives more stability and minimize oscillation of output power around the maximum power point (MPP). The main contribution of the proposed scheme is the elimination of PI control loop which normally exists to manipulate the duty cycle. Simulation results indicate that the proposed controller outperforms the others method for all type of environmental conditions.https://www.ijee.net/article_131705_f82ce56f0200da6262e78610091e7899.pdfBabol Noshirvani University of TechnologyIranica Journal of Energy & Environment2079-211512220210613Evaluation of the Electrical Characteristics of Recycled Iron Reinforced Polystyrene Composites12513013170610.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.04ENS. A. AbdulkareemDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, NigeriaJ. O. IghaloDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria0000-0002-8709-100XA. G. AdeniyiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria0000-0001-6615-5361Journal Article20210421The prospective reuse of iron fillings from the milling machine and polystyrene in the solid waste streams in the production of plastic composites were considered in this study. The preparation, electrical properties, density, void fraction and particle distributions of the solvated polystyrene filled composites were all investigated as a function of recycled iron fillings concentration. The composites were developed by hand layup technique and cured by casting under ambient conditions (25 ± 2<sup>o</sup>C) for 7 days. The compared micrographs confirmed well-dispersed recycled iron fillings in polystyrene matrix and decreasing void fraction as iron filling increases in the composites. The highest electrical conductivity and density values of the composites were obtained at the highest iron filling composition of 40 wt% as 5.91 × 10<sup>-07</sup> S/cm and 1.31 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, respectively. The developed iron polystyrene composite has good electrical properties, making it suitable to be an alternative material for metals.https://www.ijee.net/article_131706_25032140c4d6a7830e1b3ceba1c14544.pdfBabol Noshirvani University of TechnologyIranica Journal of Energy & Environment2079-211512220210613Evaluation of Heavy Metals of Lead, Nickel, Cadmium, Vanadium and Some Chemical Parameters in Surface Soils of the City of Khorramabad13114213170710.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.05ENM. KarimizadehDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
Department of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, IranK. PayandehDepartment of Soil Science, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, IranJournal Article20201029This study was conducted in 2017 with the aim of determining the distribution of heavy metals lead, nickel, cadmium, vanadium and the parameters of acidity, electrical conductivity and organic matter in the surface soils of the city of Khorramabad. Sampling was performed monthly from 12 stations and was repeated 3 times in the autumn. The highest amount of cadmium was observed in the soil samples of industrial areas of the city in the two sampling periods of October and December to be 7 ppm. A comparison of the mean measured values of heavy elements showed that the highest average amounts of heavy elements are in industrial areas and the lowest in residential areas. The lowest amount was measured in 8<sup>th</sup> and 11<sup>th</sup> stations at 2 ppm. The highest amount of lead in the 6<sup>th</sup> station, a bustling area, was measured to be 22 ppm. The average nickel in industrial areas was higher than other areas. In industrial area, during the sampling period of October, its amount was determined to be 58 mg/kg. The highest amount of vanadium was recorded in staion9 at 52 mg/kg. Lead has a significant correlation with nickel, cadmium and soil acidity. This correlation is 0.01% for acidity and cadmium variables and 0.03% for nickel. Nickel has a significant correlation with cadmium and vanadium at the level of 0.01%. The results indicate that the surface soil of the city of Khorramabad is not contaminated with the studied metals. In general, the results showed that both human and natural factors are always involved in the distribution and concentration of heavy metals.https://www.ijee.net/article_131707_ba767af87d594189ba524e2eb62664a1.pdfBabol Noshirvani University of TechnologyIranica Journal of Energy & Environment2079-211512220210613Enhanced Adsorption of Aromatic Hydrocarbon-contaminated Aquifer Using Granular Nano Zero-valent Iron14314813170810.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.06END. Yousefi KebriaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Faculty, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran0000-0001-7983-1568S. MokhtarpourDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Faculty, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, IranJournal Article20210525Aromatic hydrocarbons are toxic pollutants that enter into environment through various industries. These pollutants are carcinogenic and cause genetic mutations. There are various solutions, including biological methods, extraction, and electrocoagulation. This research aims to synthesize the nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) from the ferrous waste and granules of nZVI by the chemical combination of nZVI with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The performance of these two adsorbents was evaluated to degradation of phenol from an aqueous solution. The physical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were determined using SEM analysis. Effect of pH, contact time, contaminant concentration, and adsorbent dosage on the removal efficiency were studied. The results showed that the maximum removal efficiency of phenol by nZVI and GnZVI was 78, 57.83 %, respectively, at the condition of pH 3, 60 minutes initial concentration of 8 ppm and adsorbent dosage of 2.5 g. The removal efficiency of phenol in acidic conditions and laboratory temperature by adsorption of nZVI is higher than GnZVI with a difference in removal efficiency of approximately 20 %. Equilibrium isotherms were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich equations and it was observed that these experiments followed Freundlich model.https://www.ijee.net/article_131708_5162b74ce33498faf0a4e969d4b1f0ca.pdfBabol Noshirvani University of TechnologyIranica Journal of Energy & Environment2079-211512220210613Investigation Experimental and Finite Element Method of Mechanical Properties of Hot Forging on Ti6Al4V Alloy14915413170910.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.07ENH. TagimalekFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran0000-0001-5451-7564M. R. MarakiDepartment of Materials and Metallurgy Engineering, Birjand University of Technology, Birjand, Iran0000-0002-4469-5305M. MahmoodiFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran0000-0002-7446-6140P. Mohammad ZadehFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, IranJournal Article20210218Forging is one of the oldest and the most important processes of metal forming. The process occurs due to the waxy deformation of metal. In the forging process, the die walls control the material flow and the mechanical properties of the workpiece are significantly improved. Today's world industries, financing costs play a leading role in production. These categories have entered the industry to create a variety of simulation and numerical modeling methods to eliminate this problem. Simulation and experimental test, mechanical properties in the hot forging process in high-cost materials are of great interest to researchers. In this paper, the mechanical properties of hot forging in Ti6Al4V alloy are investigated. According to the obtained results, it can be found that a very close agreement has been made on experiments reported in literature and the simulation. Depending on the results, the strain rate Z-axis showed the shear bands appeared exactly on the 45-degree plates and in the sample center. In fact, the intersection of the band's sample center is the max strain applied to the die. This area has been created with an effective strain and stress at all depths of the workpiece and gradually expands.https://www.ijee.net/article_131709_82a0589f79c81ae64ea7b1964c5d5f68.pdfBabol Noshirvani University of TechnologyIranica Journal of Energy & Environment2079-211512220210613Analysis of the Wind Resources in Saharan Atlas of Algeria: Adrar Region as a Case Study15516013171110.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.08ENM. BenmedjahedUnite de Recherche en Energies Renouvelables en Milieu Saharien, Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, Adrar, AlgeriaR. MaouedjUnite de Recherche en Energies Renouvelables en Milieu Saharien, Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, Adrar, AlgeriaS. MouhadjerUnite de Recherche en Energies Renouvelables en Milieu Saharien, Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, Adrar, AlgeriaY. MenniUnit of Research on Materials and Renewable Energies, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Abou Bakr Belkaid University, Tlemcen, AlgeriaH. AmeurDepartment of Technology, University Centre of Naama, Naama, Algeria0000-0003-2087-7574A. DahbiUnite de Recherche en Energies Renouvelables en Milieu Saharien, Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, Adrar, AlgeriaD. SabaUnite de Recherche en Energies Renouvelables en Milieu Saharien, Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, Adrar, AlgeriaT. TouahriUnite de Recherche en Energies Renouvelables en Milieu Saharien, Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables, Adrar, AlgeriaJournal Article20201203An objective analysis of the wind atlas map of the region of Adrar (Algeria) at a height of 10 meters above ground is essential, in order to classify these velocities according to the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) classification, and then to develop the separation velocity map. The present work is conducted in the region of Adrar to determine the monthly, seasonal, and annual energy generated by the Whisper200 wind turbine by using the Rayleigh distribution and the wind data recorded every three hours from January 1st, 1961 to December 31st, 2018. From the obtained findings, the northeast region of Adrar is a suitable region for wind applications. The surface of this area is equal to 16587 km², where two sites are located (Kaberten and Aougroute). However, the second PNL class is divided into seven zones. The wind speed in this region (2nd PNL class) is favourable for the setup of isolated wind turbines or hybrid systems. The following cities are located in this region (2nd PNL class): Adrar, Aoulef, Bordj Baji Mokthar, Timaiaouine, Regagne, and Timimoune.https://www.ijee.net/article_131711_6d15cb974a2a73ed9e19c977ff558a51.pdfBabol Noshirvani University of TechnologyIranica Journal of Energy & Environment2079-211512220210613Performance Augmentation of Solar Air Heater for Space Heating Using a Flexible Flapping Guide Winglet16117213171210.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.09ENS. A. Gandjalikhan NassabDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranM. Moein AddiniDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranJournal Article20210216A new idea is presented in this paper for improving the performance of solar air heater (SAH) designed for space heating by employing a thin flexible guide winglet. In addition to the role of winglet in pushing the convective airflow toward the heated surface, it behaves as a vortex generator (VG) due to its vibration by fluid-solid interaction (FSI) that causes flow mixing and breaking thermal boundary layer. In flow simulation, the finite element method (FEM) is employed with considering a two-way strongly-coupled FSI approach at transient condition. Numerical solution of the governing equations, including the continuity, momentum and energy for convective flow and the equation of motion for VG are obtained by COMSOL multi-physics. The well-known model is employed for computation of turbulent stress and heat flux. The present numerical results are validated against the most recent relevant literature. To provide a clear and deep understanding of the proposed concept, extensive comparisons are made between different test cases. Results reveal considerable performance enhancement of SAH with elastic guide winglet compared with clean solar air heater (CSAH), such that 56% increase in the natural airflow rate and 9% decrease in the average absorber temperature is seen because of the flapping winglet. But, the air outlet temperature decreases about 14% due to flapping VG. This study aims to make the proposed SAH as an essential renewable thermal-solar system more efficient and attractive so that this improvement pushes the industrial society toward more sustainable infrastructure.https://www.ijee.net/article_131712_f851e2d9515b11bc54c780b389f52279.pdfBabol Noshirvani University of TechnologyIranica Journal of Energy & Environment2079-211512220210613Modelling Net Radiative Measurement of Meteorological Parameters Using MERRA-2 Data in Sub-Sahara African Town17318013171310.5829/ijee.2021.12.02.10ENF. O. AwedaPhysics and Solar Energy Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria0000-0003-3941-6647S. AdebayoElectrical and Electronics Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, NigeriaT. K. SamsonStatistics Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo,Osun State, NigeriaI. A. OjedokunPhysics and Solar Energy Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, NigeriaJournal Article20210110In this study, the net radiation was estimated using a simple straightforward expression proposed by different researchers, which is based on the principle of the Fourier Series Technique. The estimation of net radiation of Iwo ( ) from the data collected from the archive of HelioClim satellite MERRA- 2 (i.e. global solar radiation and air temperature) was done on the real and imaginary measurements. The result of both real and imaginary radiation at maximum revealed ( ) and minimum at about ( ), while solar radiation and temperature revealed about ( ) and 299K maximum and minimum ( ) and 297.7K, respectively. Statistically, the result indicated that the regression coefficient of 3.959 with t- statistics of 3.34 and p < 0.05 indicates that for every 1K increase in air temperature, solar radiation will increase by 3.959, which shows that both solar radiation and temperature have a significant effect on net radiation. Therefore, the researchers concluded that Iwo had maximum real net radiation in February with months such as January, March, July, August, October and December as minimum radiation while imaginary radiation had its maximum and minimum in September and August respectively.https://www.ijee.net/article_131713_08b5a6c90bba82197e1c75bfb0782dcf.pdf