Energy
I. Pishkar; S. M. Beigi
Abstract
With sensitive and important systems in hospitals requiring an uninterrupted power supply, finding solutions for power outages is becoming increasingly crucial. Iran's favorable potential for renewable energy makes wind and solar energy viable options to support hospital electricity needs and contribute ...
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With sensitive and important systems in hospitals requiring an uninterrupted power supply, finding solutions for power outages is becoming increasingly crucial. Iran's favorable potential for renewable energy makes wind and solar energy viable options to support hospital electricity needs and contribute to sustainable development goals. The present work investigates, for the first time, the electricity supply of a part of the Parsian Hospital in Shahrekord using HOMER software. The use of real electricity exchange data with the national grid and the new generation of tree-shaped wind turbines are unique advantages. Results show that an optimal renewable energy-based system consisting of two 1-kW solar cells and a 1-kW electric converter costs $0.111 per kWh and solar cells generate 3% or 2999 kWh/year. The optimal scenario produces 55193 kg of CO2 annually due to national grid electricity use, highlighting the importance of renewable energy adoption in hospitals.
Energy
A. W. Tahiru; S. U. Takal; E. D. Sunkari; S. Ampofo
Abstract
Although Ethiopia is one of the world's fastest-growing economies, access to sustainable energy and cutting-edge clean energy technology remains a major concern. The government is making significant efforts to generate renewable energy and provide more access to its citizens. Despite this, traditional ...
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Although Ethiopia is one of the world's fastest-growing economies, access to sustainable energy and cutting-edge clean energy technology remains a major concern. The government is making significant efforts to generate renewable energy and provide more access to its citizens. Despite this, traditional fuels (charcoal, fuel wood, dung cakes, and agricultural waste) account for around 87 percent of Ethiopia's energy use, and they pose a range of health and environmental risks. Solar, hydro, wind, and geothermal resources abound in the nation, but only 5% of the country's total hydroelectric capacity is being used; while, the rest is either underutilized or underdeveloped. An in-depth look at Ethiopia's renewable energy potential, as well as the opportunities and problems it faces, is presented in this review. With a combined installed capacity of over 7000 MW, hydropower and wind power are the most promising renewable energy sources in Ethiopia as of yet. It is hoped that this assessment will shed light on how Ethiopia can harness and maximize the use of its abundant renewable energy sources.
Energy
A. Haghani; M. Jahangiri; R. Riahi; M. Golali Jonaghani; A. Baharizadeh
Abstract
The use of fossil fuels leads to greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and secondary consequences such as desertification and winds in the Middle East and Africa, including Egypt. The use of renewable energy is the most appropriate solution to prevent the emission of polluting gases. Egypt is one ...
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The use of fossil fuels leads to greenhouse gas emissions, global warming, and secondary consequences such as desertification and winds in the Middle East and Africa, including Egypt. The use of renewable energy is the most appropriate solution to prevent the emission of polluting gases. Egypt is one of the best places to use solar water heating systems, located in the solar belt. In this paper, for the first time, the best place to use solar water heater (SWH) systems is examined using TSOL 2018 R(1) software and climate data for residential apartments in 35 stations in Egypt. The results showed that Sharm el sheikh station with supplies 96.8% of its total heat needs is the most suitable station for using solar water heating systems. According to the studies performed, using solar water heaters in the studied stations generated good energy savings annually (production of 134.5 GWh of solar heat). Also, greenhouse gas emissions were significantly reduced (preventing the emission of about 39.2 tons of CO2 pollutants per year) and as a result, the government should turn to the use of clean and renewable energy.
Energy
M. R. Hayati; S. Ranjbar; M. R. Abdar; M. Molaei Nasab; S. Homayounmajd; M. Esmaeili Shayan
Abstract
With countries throughout middle east and north Africa pursuing ambitious targets for a transition to renewable energies, the political economy of a region predominantly analyzed through the prism of fossil fuels is on the verge of radical change. As hydrocarbon prices decline, the low-cost producers ...
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With countries throughout middle east and north Africa pursuing ambitious targets for a transition to renewable energies, the political economy of a region predominantly analyzed through the prism of fossil fuels is on the verge of radical change. As hydrocarbon prices decline, the low-cost producers of Middle East have an advantage and should be the last to leave the market. The world will demand proportionally more of the region’s oil and gas. Nearly half of the world's oil is located in Middle East, which has long been referred to as the "energy axis" of the planet. In the meanwhile, as the nations of this area progress towards the future, they have realized the need of supplying energy from these other sources, such that the utilization of renewable energy sources, such as the sun, has attracted considerable interest. This study analyzed and assessed these attractions in addition to five middle eastern nations and Turkey, which is located in middle east, close proximity to this area. The approach of comparing government incentives in the development of renewable power plants was used in this study. The final findings revealed the current status of this energy in the target nations. This study may give the target countries and other nations in the middle east with a wealth of information for the formulation of effective policies for the use of renewable resources.
Energy
F. Chabane; N. Moummi; C. Toumi; S. Boultif; A. Hecini
Abstract
This study aimed to compare global solar radiation on the horizontal area between two models of Chabane Foued and M.Capderou. The model of Chabane has been interested in pollution factors such as TL (turbidity), BE (Angstraon), and the chemical components of the air such as WV, O3, CH4, CO, CO2, and ...
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This study aimed to compare global solar radiation on the horizontal area between two models of Chabane Foued and M.Capderou. The model of Chabane has been interested in pollution factors such as TL (turbidity), BE (Angstraon), and the chemical components of the air such as WV, O3, CH4, CO, CO2, and the especial part the new pollution factor such as hbeam, kbeam, and kdiffuse, which all influenced onto solar radiation, and the model of Capderou has been used the atmospheric disturbance to calculate the direct and diffuse components of radiation received on a plane, while the constituents of the atmosphere (absorption and diffusion) can be expressed by disturbance factors, which is very necessary to determine irradiation In the clear sky. The results reveal a significant difference between the two models with approximated curves. The difference between the models probably returns to the nature of the geographic site which the authors used and injected into the models.
Energy
S. Prem Kumar; G. Kumar
Abstract
In solar drying, the moisture content of a product is reduced through the use of sunlight. Solar drying is practiced since civilization for the drying of crops. The dried crop has a longer shelf life and requires less storage space. For crop drying, hot air is required in the moderate temperature range ...
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In solar drying, the moisture content of a product is reduced through the use of sunlight. Solar drying is practiced since civilization for the drying of crops. The dried crop has a longer shelf life and requires less storage space. For crop drying, hot air is required in the moderate temperature range of 40 to 75℃. Solar dryer makes it possible to obtain better product quality. Over the past 20 years, numerous experimental projects have been carried out in the field of solar dryers. Most conventional dryers are not able to operate continuously during the off sunshine time. However, attempts were made to develop uninterrupted solar drying systems by incorporating an energy storage facility and a hybrid mode of operation. Sensible and latent heat storage methods are widely used to store solar energy. Heat storage materials store energy in the form of heat during sunshine and release it whenever it is required. Biogas backup, Chemical heat pump, Photo Voltaic, and Fluidized bed methods were integrated with solar dryers for uninterrupted operation. In this article, the discussion is made about different dryers. Also, the challenges and scope in the area of the solar dryer are highlighted.
S. N. Nnamchi; O. A. Nnamchi; E. O. Sangotayo; S. A. Ismael; O. K. Nkurunziza; V. Gabriel
Abstract
The design of a flat-plate solar collector (FPSC) is accomplished by multiple input multiple output (MIMO) design technique. The design variables (absorber, fluid and glass temperatures; length, width, height of the FPSC) were the unknown variables in the commensurate thermal balance equations based ...
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The design of a flat-plate solar collector (FPSC) is accomplished by multiple input multiple output (MIMO) design technique. The design variables (absorber, fluid and glass temperatures; length, width, height of the FPSC) were the unknown variables in the commensurate thermal balance equations based on; component, overall and yardstick thermal balance on the FPSC. Then, simulator matrices were setup comprising of coefficient and column matrices of design functions. The elements of the coefficient matrix were the partial derivatives of the design functions with respect to the design variables. Besides the convective and radiative heat transfer coefficients were function of the design variables. The initial values of the design variables (307K, 334.5K, 368K, 2 m, 1 m, and 0.045m, respectively) were set, at the seventh iteration, the output variables (306.9K, 339.15K, 368.1K, 2.01m, 1.005m, 0.04m, respectively) merged as the design functions ® 0 with insignificant change in the design variables. The output results were used to simulate FPSC, to track its responses to changes in the physical conditions, the stimulation revealed some constraints in the design of the FPSC, which is vital information for the overall optimization of the FPSC. The design yardsticks; the thermal efficiency (0.76) and the effectiveness (0.4) are quite pragmatic. This shows that MIMO technique to thermal system design is effective as convergence among the design variables was sought. Moreover, MIMO considered all thermal losses instead of basing the yardsticks on top loss overall transfer coefficient alone; thus, neglecting sidewalls and base losses. Moreover, the advent of connecting box prepares the preheating unit for high temperature drying (> 150 oC) on integration with a reheating unit.
H. Farzan; M. Ameri; S. M. Jaafarian
Abstract
Asphalt solar collectors (ASCs) offer a low-cost and reliable alternative to harvest energy from available infrastructures such as roads and pathways by employing the simple techniques. This paper represents an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous and discontinuous-flow strategies ...
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Asphalt solar collectors (ASCs) offer a low-cost and reliable alternative to harvest energy from available infrastructures such as roads and pathways by employing the simple techniques. This paper represents an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous and discontinuous-flow strategies in the dynamics and performance of a self-constructed ASC under field conditions. To this aim, an ON/OFF switching controller commands to run and stop the system at different time intervals. During the experimental simulations, all the crucial environmental and operational parameters were measured and monitored. This approach assesses the effects of numerous scenarios with different intervals of time on the dynamics of the constructed collector. Continuous and discontinuous-flow strategies were evaluated by comparing three different scenarios, including continuous-flow mode, 5 min OFF-mode and, 10 min OFF-mode. The results show that by extending the OFF-mode, the water is kept stagnant in the hot embedded pipes for more extended periods. Therefore, the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of collector reduces, and the water leaves the collector at higher temperatures; however, the efficiency of the ASC decreases. Also, even though extending the OFF-mode results in heated water exits the collector at higher temperatures, but the mass of heated water decreases due to continuous interruption of current flow. The test results prove that in continuous-flow strategy, cumulative heat gain improves. Therefore, the continuous-flow strategy shows higher performance than introduced discontinuous-flow strategy. The exergy analysis illustrates that the available useful exergy has significantly affected by considering the pump consumed energy.
A. Belay Kassa
Abstract
Ethiopia is a land locked country, located in Horn of Africa. The country power generation does not meet the national demand of the people. The aim of the paper is to review a current status, future potential and barriers on development of renewable energy for power generations in Ethiopia. The approaches ...
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Ethiopia is a land locked country, located in Horn of Africa. The country power generation does not meet the national demand of the people. The aim of the paper is to review a current status, future potential and barriers on development of renewable energy for power generations in Ethiopia. The approaches would be use of primary and secondary data. The structural question is developed and data collected from experts. Secondary data were also collected from national published report, ministries brief and policy guides. The study used predominate renewable energy resource for power generation such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and waste to energy. Based on the result, the country utilization of the resources like solar, wind and geothermal with less than 1% with respect to the potential except hydro power which is less than 9% from the national reserve. The paper found that finical, technical, policy and regulation are the main barriers that faced on the development renewable energy. Key measurements are strengthened finical institution, establishing capacity building center, initiation active community participation, organizing institution to support development of renewable energy. This proposed measurements and policy issues were based on the evidence faced the country.
M. R. Rahman; M. S. Hossain; S. Shehab Uddin; A. S. M. Ibrahim
Abstract
In this work, a dual-axis automated solar tracker is developed by using two linear motors, four light dependent resistors (LDRs) and two mono crystalline solar panels. The LDRs are placed on the rotating frame where the solar panels are placed to detect the position of the sun and the controller circuit ...
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In this work, a dual-axis automated solar tracker is developed by using two linear motors, four light dependent resistors (LDRs) and two mono crystalline solar panels. The LDRs are placed on the rotating frame where the solar panels are placed to detect the position of the sun and the controller circuit drives the motors to place the frame towards the sun. The controlling unit has been developed using PLC microcontroller. The motor driver circuit has been designed using a code to align the solar panels to a suitable position so that it is exposed to the maximum amount of solar irradiance. The driver circuit receives data from the LDRs and the microcontroller controls the motors to move the panel along its horizontal and vertical axis. To evaluate the performance of the solar tracker, output power of the solar tracker and an identical set of static solar panels set in an optimum fixed orientation are measured from the open-circuit voltage and the short circuit current for two consecutive days. The output power produced by the automatic solar tracker was consistently higher than that by the static solar panel. The energy gain due to using the automatic solar tracker is at highest in the morning and in the afternoon at almost 40%. The lowest value of energy gain is observed during noon at as low as 1%. The average increase in output throughout the day is 24.09%.
J. A. Oyewole; A. A. Olanrewaju
Abstract
Solar distiller was constructed and tested in this study. The purpose is to get a portable water from nearly any source available in a relatively cheaper means using a renewable solar energy. The result obtained clearly confirmed the reliability of this method to provide portable water especially in ...
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Solar distiller was constructed and tested in this study. The purpose is to get a portable water from nearly any source available in a relatively cheaper means using a renewable solar energy. The result obtained clearly confirmed the reliability of this method to provide portable water especially in a rural area of developing country like Nigeria where the supply of fresh water is inadequate. A local dirty stream that is constantly throughout the year served as the source of the brackish water was used for this work. Sample taken from this stream was distilled using the constructed double slope solar distiller. The incoming solar radiation from the sun is focused and concentrated on to solar water distillation unit. Analyzing the sample of the distillate, the pH value of the brackish feed water was 9.20 ±1.10 while that of the distillate was 8.10 ±1.06, which falls within the WHO limits of 6.5-8.5 for drinkable water.
S. Premkumar; K. Ramanarasimha; E.S. Prakash
Abstract
This work presents the design and development of solar crop dryer with drained SAE 20/40 from vehicles oil as heat storage material. The details design, fabrication and experimental analysis procedure of the developed dryer are explained. The crops used during the experiments were potato slices ...
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This work presents the design and development of solar crop dryer with drained SAE 20/40 from vehicles oil as heat storage material. The details design, fabrication and experimental analysis procedure of the developed dryer are explained. The crops used during the experiments were potato slices (2 kg) and ginger (2 Kg) while air velocity maintained at 10 m/s. Potato slices of upper and lower trays have taken the drying time of 5 hours and 6 hour to reach safe storage moisture content of below 15 % and whereas ginger of upper tray and lower tray have taken drying time of 9 and 10 hours to reach moisture content of below 15. The maximum value of instantaneous of the collector (Oil bath) efficiency reported was 57. 48 % and minimum value was 18.59 %.
A. A. Abbood Al-Khazzar
Abstract
In this study, PVsyst simulation software is used to analyze a PV grid tied system in a typical primary school in Iraq. The proposed system is 5kW which is affordable and applicable from the cost and required area points respectively. The monthly averaged electrical load for a typical school is approximately ...
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In this study, PVsyst simulation software is used to analyze a PV grid tied system in a typical primary school in Iraq. The proposed system is 5kW which is affordable and applicable from the cost and required area points respectively. The monthly averaged electrical load for a typical school is approximately calculated. The system simulation has been done for thirteen Iraqi provinces while it is described and its performance is analyzed in details for Baghdad city as an example. The performance ratio for the system in Baghdad is 0.825 and about 9.82MWhr is generated by the system per year, 62.7% is consumed by the load and the remaining is injected to the national grid. The results showed that the initial capital cost is 5,442$ which is returned after five and a half years. The cost of 1 kWhr if the system operates for 10 years is 0.058$. This study clearly demonstrates that photovoltaic power system can effectively assist the peak load on the grid. In addition, these systems are very economical/no maintenance project and can be hooked to any the peak time load.
G. Boligán Rojas; R. Lorenzo Ávila Rondon; A. Carolina Meléndez Gurrola
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to assess theoretical and practical analysis of scientific publications on solar desalination. This analysis is proposed within mechanical design theory framework. For this, inductive and statistical methods were used in analysis of the scientific publications of different ...
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The aim of the present study is to assess theoretical and practical analysis of scientific publications on solar desalination. This analysis is proposed within mechanical design theory framework. For this, inductive and statistical methods were used in analysis of the scientific publications of different specialties that deal with the design process of solar desalination. With the use of the mentioned methods a tendency was obtained that justifies applying the study results to this type of devices of the approaches of the theory of the mechanical design analyzed. Statistical analysis is conducted for the above assessment not only analytically but quantitatively. This gives responses to problems currently posed by different authors related to the possibility of linking several disciplines used today in isolation for the application of mechanical design theory to this type of solar desalination.
B. Mohammed; M. Abderrezak; M. Feidt
Abstract
Parabolic trough power plants have been developed on several concepts for production of renewable energy in integrated solar combined cycle system (ISCCS) and direct steam generation (DSG). Each concept has their characteristic due to solar energy configuration. Recently, technology for Solar aided power ...
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Parabolic trough power plants have been developed on several concepts for production of renewable energy in integrated solar combined cycle system (ISCCS) and direct steam generation (DSG). Each concept has their characteristic due to solar energy configuration. Recently, technology for Solar aided power generation (SAPG) is appeared for optimization of these concepts by solar contribution system in hybrid power plants. The aim of this work is thermodynamic analysis on solar hybrid power plants system for ISCCS and DSG concepts. For these concepts, we evaluated the main differences in solar efficiency to electrical power. The solar aided power generation was proposed for evaluating the solar contribution in DSG concept. The study shows that the share of solar contribution in DSG concept is high, for the best method on thermal solar extraction in the DSG concept. Therefore, the optimum value of solar extraction is to preheat the feed water in the heater.These models were evaluated in this work which is simulated on TRNSYS software and System Advisor Model (SAM). The analysis in performance of hybrid concepts and solar contribution in new DSG concept can be evaluated. It was found the best method is solar contribution in the solar hybrid power plants.