L. W. Low; T. T. Teng; N. Morad; B. Azahari
Abstract
The effects of various carbonization parameters on the COD reduction of Rhodamine B dye aqueous solutions using carbonized Elaeis guineensis frond fiber (EGFF) chars have been studied experimentally. The adsorbent with the particle size of <45 µm has been carbonized at temperature from 500-900 ...
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The effects of various carbonization parameters on the COD reduction of Rhodamine B dye aqueous solutions using carbonized Elaeis guineensis frond fiber (EGFF) chars have been studied experimentally. The adsorbent with the particle size of <45 µm has been carbonized at temperature from 500-900 oC with carbonization duration of 1-3 h at a heating rate of 10-30 oC/min and nitrogen gas flow rate of 100-500 cm^3/min. Carbonization temperature, carbonization duration, heating rate and nitrogen gas flow rate were significantly affecting the carbonization process. Statistical analysis-response surface methodology (RSM)- face centered composite design (FCCD) was used to obtain the optimal carbonization conditions. The optimum condition for carbonization of EGFF was obtained at carbonization temperature of 899 oC, carbonization duration of 2.7 h, heating rate of 10 nitrogen flow rate of 243 cm3/min with 98.88 % of COD reduction of Rhodamine B.
C. Xin-Hui Su; T. Tow Teng; N. Morad; M. Rafatullah
Abstract
A novel inorganic-organic hybrid polymer of magnesium chloride-polyethylene oxide (MgCl2-PEO) was prepared, characterised and applied in the coagulation-flocculation of a reactive dye, Cibacron Blue F3GA (RCB). The hybrid polymers were prepared in various ratios and their conductivity and viscosities ...
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A novel inorganic-organic hybrid polymer of magnesium chloride-polyethylene oxide (MgCl2-PEO) was prepared, characterised and applied in the coagulation-flocculation of a reactive dye, Cibacron Blue F3GA (RCB). The hybrid polymers were prepared in various ratios and their conductivity and viscosities were measured. For the application in the coagulation-flocculation of RCB, the hybrid polymer of 90% MgCl2:10% PEO ratio was selected as it showed the highest conductivity and lowest viscosity. The factors that affect coagulation-flocculation of RCB, namely initial dye concentration, initial pH, agitation speed, agitation time and hybrid polymer dosage, were studied using fractional factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM). The process was also optimised, with respect to colour removal and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efficiency. The five factors studied showed significant effects toward the colour removal and COD reduction of RCB. The process was optimum at initial dye concentration of 173 mg/L, pH 11.13, agitation speed of 150 rpm, agitation time of 6 minutes and hybrid polymer dosage of 1020 mg/L. Under these optimum conditions, maximum colour removal of 99.76% and COD reduction of 92.09%, were achieved.
