Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
2079-2115
2079-2123
8
3
2017
07
01
Modeling and Validation of Some Combustion Parameters in a VCR Engine Fuelled with Argemone mexicana Biodiesel-Diesel Blends Using RSM
181
188
EN
H.
Joardar
Mechanical Engineering Department, C.V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar -752054, India
M. K.
Parida
Mechanical Engineering Department, C.V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar -752054, India
manojparida337@gmail.com
A. K.
Rout
Mathematics Department, C.V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar -752054, India
I.
Routaray
School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar- 752024, Odisha, India
10.5829/ijee.2017.08.03.01
In the present study the methyl ester of argemone oil, prepared by two step transesterification process due to its high acid value was experimented, in a variable compression ratio (VCR) multi-fuel engine to evaluate the combustion parameters like in cylinder pressure (Pr), net heat release rate (NHRR) and cumulative heat release rate (CHRR). For the current analysis engine load, compression ratio and bio-diesel blends are taken as input parameters. The mathematical models were developed and statistical significance was checked using analysis of variance (ANOVA). A second order model is developed and is found to be adequate by ANOVA results. The validation of the model is carried out by comparing the predicated values of output responses with that of experimental results.
Biodiesel,Combustion,Response Surface Methodology,ANOVA,Sensitivity analysis
https://www.ijee.net/article_64680.html
https://www.ijee.net/article_64680_2975d39f4db1e38add7e2efa9fee3bab.pdf
Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
2079-2115
2079-2123
8
3
2017
07
01
Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Tires: the Influence of ZSM-Catalyst/Tire Ratio on Product
189
193
EN
M. S.
Hossain
Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh
shameemkuet@gmail.com
A.
Abedeen
Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna-9203, Bangladesh
M. R.
Karim
Department of Chemical Engineering, Z. H Sikder University of Science & Technology, Shariatpur, Bangladesh
M.
Moniruzzaman
Designated Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
M.
Juwel Hosen
Designated Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
10.5829/ijee.2017.08.03.02
In this research, the effect of ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst was investigated in the thermal pyrolysis of catalysis of waste tires in Bangladesh. The tires of bus and trucks were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor and the derived pyrolysis gases were passed through a condenser. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ZSM-5 on the composition of pyrolytic waste tires oil. The influences of pyrolysis temperature, catalyst-tires (CT) ratio on the production of the derived products were also investigated. While the catalyst-tire (CT) ratio and the pyrolysis temperature were increased the production of char and oil increased but the production of gas was in decreasing trend. Moreover, the CHNS analysis revealed that the percentage of carbon increased from 86.81% to 88.60% and the percentage of sulfur decreased from 1.325% to 1.064% while the catalyst-tire ratio was increased from 0.1 to 0.15. It was noticed from the GC-MS data that the certain aromatic compounds were a high amount as the catalyst-tire ratio was increased gradually The presence of toluene and O-xylene in pyrolytic oil of waste tires increased significantly with a 0.15 CT ratio and this pyrolytic oil would be potentially used as chemical feedstock in different industries.
Catalyst,waste tire,ZSM-5 zeolite,Pyrolytic Oil
https://www.ijee.net/article_64681.html
https://www.ijee.net/article_64681_b5fefefcb5742bf3931805919db680dd.pdf
Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
2079-2115
2079-2123
8
3
2017
07
01
Activated Carbon from Fenugreek Seed: Characterization and Adsorption Properties for Dye Removal
193
201
EN
D.
Basrur
Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri-574199, Karnataka State, India
J.
Ishwara Bhat
Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri-574199, Karnataka State, India
bhatij@yahoo.com
10.5829/ijee.2017.08.03.03
In this work, the preparation of activated carbons from agricultural product, the fenugreek seeds by two approaches, chemical and microwave activation methods were studied. The characterization of carbon materials were carried out using different techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Adsorption experiment was carried out for the adsorption of two different basic dyes, Methylene Blue (MB) and Crystal Violet (CV) under varying conditions such as concentration, agitation time and temperature. The data acquired from concentration variation were found to fit well with Langmuir and also Freundlich isotherms. Kinetic studies revealed the fact that the system followed second order adsorption rate. Thermodynamic parameters such as <em>ΔH<sup>≠</sup>, ΔS<sup>≠</sup> </em>and <em>ΔG<sup>≠</sup></em> were calculated from the obtained data on adsorption at different temperature.
Activated carbon,Adsorption,Kinetic parameters,thermodynamic parameters
https://www.ijee.net/article_64682.html
https://www.ijee.net/article_64682_02766008227fcfde90c43ed1f55db2a9.pdf
Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
2079-2115
2079-2123
8
3
2017
07
01
Removal of Lead and Copper from Textile Wastewater Using Egg Shells
202
209
EN
S. S.
Pandey
Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow-226021, India
N. B.
Singh
Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow-226021, India
S. P.
Shukla
Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow-226021, India
M.
Tiwari
Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow-226021, India+Environmental Monitoring Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
mktiwariiet@gmail.com
10.5829/ijee.2017.08.03.04
The aim of present study was to investigate the removal of lead and copper from textile wastewater using waste egg shells in a continuous stirred tank reactor. The effect of initial pH, metal concentration, adsorbent dosage and retention time were investigated. Optimum adsorption of lead (80%) was obtained at pH 6, initial metal concentration 20 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 12.5 g/L and retention time 90 minute. Also, optimum adsorption of copper (71%) was obtained at pH 6, initial metal concentration 15 mg/L, adsorbent dosage 15 g/L and retention time 75 minute. Langmuirs, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms were used for the mathematical description of adsorption equilibrium. Langmuir isotherm showed the best fitting to the isotherm equilibrium data, with a maximum adsorption capacity (q<sub>m</sub>) of 4.33 mg/g and 3.54 mg/g for lead and copper, respectively. Results revealed that pseudo-second order adsorption kinetic equation fit the data with a high correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup> more than 0.97). Based on the results of the present study, egg shells is suitable to be used for the removal of lead and copper from textile wastewater.
Adsorption,CSTR,Egg shells,heavy metals,Isotherm kinetics
https://www.ijee.net/article_64683.html
https://www.ijee.net/article_64683_bff04734827c2cdbe7200983c9f3d3ab.pdf
Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
2079-2115
2079-2123
8
3
2017
07
01
Biogas Production through Anaerobic Digestion of Tannery Solid Waste
210
215
EN
M. A.
Sayid Mia
Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh+Institute of Energy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
emsayid@gmail.com
M.
Nur-E-Alam
Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh
S.
Huque
Institute of Energy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
M. M.
Rahman
Department of Civil Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
H.
Ratnaweera
Water Technology, Norwegian university of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432 Aas, Norway
10.5829/ijee.2017.08.03.05
Annually about 85,000 tons of raw hides and skins are estimated to be processed for leather production in Bangladesh. Tannery generates huge amount of solid and liquid wastes. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a potential treatment to stabilize waste and produce biogas for renewable energy. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of AD of tannery solid waste (TSW) generated from the pre-tanning operation and to compare the effect of cow dung as the substrate to TSW. For the reaction with TSW by mixing with different substrates, biogas production was observed starting on 4<sup>th </sup>day with a steady increase. The cumulative gas production from each of the test reactors operating at the various organic loading of tannery solid waste, domestic sewage, and cow dung were different. This study shows an optimal AD process of TSW by mixing with different substrates for the obtained optimum C/N ratio and also for the high volatile solids (VS). The COD removal rates for the series of 5 reactors (R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5) were 48.75, 50.84, 46.07, 45.94 and 47.78% respectively. Maximum COD removal was achieved from reactor R2 where maximum gas was also produced.
Biogas,anaerobic digestion,Tannery solid waste
https://www.ijee.net/article_64684.html
https://www.ijee.net/article_64684_429f5a51d85676914727cf19077eabe8.pdf
Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
2079-2115
2079-2123
8
3
2017
07
01
Single Basin Solar Still with Varying Depth of Water: Optimization by Computational Method
216
223
EN
A.
Kumar Thakur
Mechanical Engineering Department, Arya College of Engineering and IT, Jaipur: 302028, India
amritt1@gmail.com
S.
Kumar Pathak
Mechanical Engineering Department, Arya College of Engineering and IT, Jaipur: 302028, India
10.5829/ijee.2017.08.03.06
Solar still is a device, used to convert brackish water into distill water but the major issue low profitability and it is imperative to outline an ideal device. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation can help designers to improve the execution of a sun oriented still for a given cost. In this study, we examine the capacity of CFD simulation in calculation of heat and mass transfer in a single basin sun powered still. Experiments were performed in month of June in Jaipur, India. In this work, single basin solar still was fabricated and then optimized using CFD based methodology for water depth of 0.01m, 0.02m and 0.03 m. CFD based results help in a designing a solar still with maximum yield productivity of distilled water. It was concluded that maximum yield was achieved when water depth has minimum value i.e. 0.01 m. Total dissolved solid (TDS) value for sample water taken at water basin was in range of 500 PPM but after distillation water at output reaches below 50 PPM. Therefore, solar still was capable of improving the quality of water and brackish water of high TDS value can be reduced and used for drinking purpose.
Passive type,Computational Fluid Dynamics,Vitality,Evaporation,Condensation,Total Dissolved Solid
https://www.ijee.net/article_64685.html
https://www.ijee.net/article_64685_b714a31b2fa2319725a5ae41ea5cb57c.pdf
Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
2079-2115
2079-2123
8
3
2017
07
01
Water Purification by Solar Powered Electrocoagulation System
224
229
EN
N.
Patcharaprakiti
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Chiang Rai, Thailand
pnopporn@rmutl.ac.th
10.5829/ijee.2017.08.03.07
This paper demonstrates technique of water purification using electro-coagulation method. This system is composed of DC electric source 200 V 30 A connect to the anode and cathode terminals. The DC power supply can be received from utility or solar energy. The sample of raw water from reservoir is used to conduct experimental reaction with electrocoagulation system in order to improve water quality. The water purification experimental was implemented by batch processing with varying electrolysis time. The parameter of electro-coagulation and water quality parameters are collected such as electric voltage, electric current, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solid (TDS) and electro-conductivity. The result found that the water quality has improved with the standard of domestic water supply and also drinking water standard.
Water purification,Electro-Coagulation,Photovoltaic system
https://www.ijee.net/article_64686.html
https://www.ijee.net/article_64686_ebca4ce873f5813fe6c5aee843126749.pdf
Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
2079-2115
2079-2123
8
3
2017
07
01
Evaluation of Performance Characteristics and Exhaust Gas Analysis of VCR Engine at Different Compression Ratio and Loads
230
233
EN
S.
Prathmesh Mahesh
Department of Mechanical Engineering, NBN Sinhgad College Of Engineering, Kegaon, Solapur-413255(MH), India
H. B.
Kulkarni
0000-0002-0580-4572
Department of Mechanical Engineering, NBN Sinhgad College Of Engineering, Kegaon, Solapur-413255(MH), India
hbkulkarni.coeo@gmail.com
10.5829/ijee.2017.08.03.08
This paper deals with the systematic study of performance evalaution and exhaust emission characteristics of VCR (variable compression ratio) engine at different compression ratio and loads using diesel as fuel. Experimental analysis was done to find the optimal value of compression ratio and load at which the engine can produce higher thermal efficiency, lower specific fuel consumption and low exhaust emission. Performance parameters such as brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), brake thermal efficiency (ɳ<sub>bth</sub>), brake Specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust gas emissions like hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide are considered.
Variable Compression Ratio,Brake mean effective pressure,Brake specific fuel consumption,Brake Thermal Efficiency,Diesel engine
https://www.ijee.net/article_64687.html
https://www.ijee.net/article_64687_e33bb699e6bb85ffc9ce479c35e57127.pdf
Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
2079-2115
2079-2123
8
3
2017
07
01
Bioremediation of Contaminated Clay Soils
234
238
EN
A.
Haghollahi
Mineral Industries Research Center, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
M. H.
Fazaelipoor
Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
fazaelipoor@yazd.ac.ir
M.
Schafie
Mineral Industries Research Center, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran
10.5829/ijee.2017.08.03.09
This research work demonstrates the feasibility of accelerating bioremediation of a clay soil by supplementing with (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, sucrose (as an inducer for growth) and tween 80. The soil contained 7% residual gasoil. The bioremediation was stimulated by moisture adjustment to 10%, and inoculating with hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms. (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> were added to the soil to obtain soil samples with C:N:P ratios of 100:1.4:1.4, 100:6.4:1.9, 100:11.4:2.4, and 100:21.4:3.4. The C:N:P of 100:11.4:2.4 resulted in more than 78% gasoil removal for duration of two months. Tween 80, in the range of 0-20mL/ (kg soil), was added to the soil samples with C:N:P ratio of 100:1.4:1.4. More than 84% removal was achieved when 10 mL/kg tween 80 was added to the soil. Sucrose, in the range of 0-20 g/(kg soil), was added to the soil samples with the C:N:P ratio of 100:1.4:1.4. For the sucrose level of 20 g/(kg soil), 79% removal was obtained in two months. Additional experiment was also conducted at two porosity levels of 54% and 22%. The removal percentage in the soil with high porosity was almost twice as compared to soil with low porosity.
Gasoil,Bioremediation,clay soil,sucrose,Tween 80
https://www.ijee.net/article_64688.html
https://www.ijee.net/article_64688_1e4d011964679bc3b75f899b43d75a70.pdf
Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment
2079-2115
2079-2123
8
3
2017
07
01
Estimation of Human Radiation Exposure from Natural Radioactivity and Radon Concentrations in Soil Samples at Green Zone in Al-Najaf, Iraq
239
248
EN
A. A.
Abojassim
University of Kufa, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Al-Najaf, Iraq
ali.alhameedawi@uokufa.edu.iq
10.5829/ijee.2017.08.03.10
Ar Specific activity of natural radionuclides namely (<sup>238</sup>U, <sup>232</sup>Th, <sup>40</sup>K and <sup>235</sup>U) and radon concentrations were measured for soil samples collected from green zone in Al-Najaf city, Iraq. There are three nuclear techniques used in present study NaI(Tl), CR-39 and LR-115 type II) were used to determine these radionuclides. Also, the radiological hazard due to natural radioactivity and radon concentrations were calculated. The average of specific activity for <sup>238</sup>U,<sup>232</sup>Th, <sup>40</sup>K and <sup>235</sup>U using NaI(Tl) detector were17.48±7.43, 8.59±3.18, 298.31±76.22 and 0.80±0.07Bq/kg, respectively. While the average value of radon concentrations using CR-39 detector and LR-115 type II detector was 579.65±33.30 Bq/m<sup>3</sup>. The average value of radiological hazard due to natural radioactivity (Ra<sub>eq.</sub>, D<sub>r</sub>, E<sub>γ</sub>, H<sub>ex</sub>, H<sub>in</sub>, I<sub>γ</sub>, AEDE and ELCR) were within the permissible limits. Also the average values of radon exhalation rates for all samples were within the permissible limits. In addition, there is a good correlation (r= 0.93) for value of radon concentrations using CR-39 and LR-115 type II detectors. There is a good correlation between specific activity of uranium-238 and radon-222 concentrations were found which it is equal r=0.91. It can be concluded that, measurements have been taken as representing baseline of radionuclides present in the soil of the studied area. Therefore, the probability of occurrence of any radiation health effects is low.
natural radioactivity,Radon concentrations,Gamma-ray spectroscopy,SSNTD,Soil sample
https://www.ijee.net/article_64689.html
https://www.ijee.net/article_64689_acf4f0ab1eda7fdc165f6e75a49b8247.pdf