ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Radiative Filling Gas in Compound Parabolic Solar Energy Collectors
In the present paper, the use of radiating gas instead of air inside the cavity of compound parabolic collectors (CPSs) is suggested and verified by numerical analysis. The collector under study has a simple cone shape with flat absorber which is filled with a participating gas such as carbon dioxide instead of air for the purpose of increasing the thermal performance. In numerical simulation, the continuity, momentum and energy equations for the steady natural convection laminar gas flow in the CPC’s cavity and the conduction equation for glass cover and absorber plate were solved by the finite element method (FEM) using the COMSOL multi-physics. Because of the radiative term in the gas energy equation, the intensity of radiation in participating gas flow should be computed. Toward this end, the radiative transfer equation (RTE) was solved by the discrete ordinate method (DOM), considering both diffuse and collimated radiations. The approximation was employed in calculation of the diffuse part of radiation. It was observed that the gas radiation causes high temperature with more uniform distribution inside the cavity of collector. Also, numerical results reveal more than 3% increase in the rate of heat transfer from absorber surface into working fluid and hence a desired performance for the collector because of the gas radiation effect. Comparison between the present numerical results with theoretical and experimental data reported in the literature showed good consistency.
https://www.ijee.net/article_133227_4a651badcf052dd90d5630cf0fe83de7.pdf
2021-09-01
181
191
10.5829/ijee.2021.12.03.01
Compound Parabolic Collector
Gas radiation
Natural convection
Computational Fluid Dynamics
S. A.
Gandjalikhan Nassab
ganj110@uk.ac.ir
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Moein Addini
m.moeinadini@empl.uk.ac.ir
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Rojas, G. B., Rondon, R. L. A. and Gurrola, A. C. M. 2018. “Mechanical Engineering Design Theory Framework for Solar Desalination Processes: A Review and Meta-Analysis.” Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 9(2), pp.137–145. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.02.09
1
2. Premkumar, S., Ramanarasimha, K. and Prakash, E. S. 2018. “Design and Development of Solar Crop Dryer Integrated with Oil Bath.” Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 9(4), pp.277–283. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.04.08
2
3. Junfeng, L. and Runqing, H. 2005. “Solar thermal in China.” Refocus, 6(5), pp.25–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1471-0846(05)70454-6
3
4. Nnamchi, S. N., Nnamchi, O. A., Sangotayo, E. O., Ismael, S. A., Nkurunziza, O. K. and Gabriel, V. 2020. “Design and Simulation of Air-Solar Preheating Unit: An Improved Design of a Flat Plate Solar Collector.” Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 11(2), pp.97–108. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2020.11.02.02
4
5. Xu, D. and Qu, M. 2013. “Compound Parabolic Concentrators in Solar Thermal Applications: A Review.” In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/ES2013-18409
5
6. Francesconi, M., Caposciutti, G. and Antonelli, M. 2018. “CFD optimization of CPC solar collectors.” Energy Procedia, 148, pp.551–558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.08.138
6
7. Reichl, C., Hengstberger, F. and Zauner, C. 2013. “Heat transfer mechanisms in a compound parabolic concentrator: Comparison of computational fluid dynamics simulations to particle image velocimetry and local temperature measurements.” Solar Energy, 97, pp.436–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2013.09.003
7
8. Eames, P. C. and Norton, B. 1993. “Detailed parametric analyses of heat transfer in CPC solar energy collectors.” Solar Energy, 50(4), pp.321–338. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092X(93)90027-L
8
9. Chew, T. C., Tay, A. O. and Wijeysundera, N. E. 1989. “A Numerical Study of the Natural Convection in CPC Solar Collector Cavities with Tubular Absorbers.” Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 111(1), pp.16–23. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3268281
9
10. Bhusal, Y., Hassanzadeh, A., Jiang, L. and Winston, R. 2020. “Technical and economic analysis of a novel low-cost concentrated medium-temperature solar collector.” Renewable Energy, 146, pp.968–985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.032
10
11. Ma, G., Yin, Z., Liu, X., Qi, J. and Dai, Y. 2021. “Developments of CPC solar evacuated glass tube collector with a novel selective coating.” Solar Energy, 220, pp.1120–1129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.052
11
12. Atashafrooz, M., Gandjalikhan Nassab, S. A. and Lari, K. 2016. “Numerical analysis of interaction between non-gray radiation and forced convection flow over a recess using the full-spectrum k-distribution method.” Heat and Mass Transfer, 52(2), pp.361–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-015-1561-z
12
13. Foruzan Nia, M., Gandjalikhan Nassab, S. A. and Ansari, A. B. 2020. “Numerical Simulation of Flow and Thermal Behavior of Radiating Gas Flow in Plane Solar Heaters.” Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4044756
13
14. Dehghani Rayeni, A. and Gandjalikhan Nassab, S. A. 2020. “Effects of Gas Radiation on Thermal Performances of Single and Double Flow Plane Solar Heaters.” International Journal of Engineering - Transactions C: Aspects, 33(6), pp.1156–1166. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2020.33.06c.14
14
15. Modest, M. 2003. Radiative Heat Transfer, 2nd Edition. Academic Press.
15
16. Terrón-Hernández, M., Peña-Cruz, M., Carrillo, J., Diego-Ayala, U. and Flores, V. 2018. “Solar Ray Tracing Analysis to Determine Energy Availability in a CPC Designed for Use as a Residential Water Heater.” Energies, 11(2), pp.291. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11020291
16
17. Chabane, F., Moummi, N. and Brima, A. 2018. “Experimental study of thermal efficiency of a solar air heater with an irregularity element on absorber plate.” International Journal of Heat and Technology, 36(3), pp.855–860. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijht.360311
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Chemical Treatment in Industrial Wastewater of Polyester Synthetic Fiber Made from Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles: Minimize Environmental Impacts
The Polyester synthetic fiber (PSF) industry has recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottle into raw material and converted them into economically valuable textile materials. This study was aimed to provide an overview of wastewater treatment from PSF industry in minimizing its impact on the environment. The study of wastewater treatment from PSF industry has been carried out in chemical-physical treatment. The Jar Test experiment has been conducted with coagulant and flocculant addition into 1,000 mL of wastewater inside a 1 L beaker glass. Wastewater was treated with 3 coagulants and flocculant doses variation with range of PAC 175-225 mg/L and PE 0.25 mg / L. The results showed that the dose utilization of 200 mg/L of 5% Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) coagulant solution and 0.25 mg/L dose of 0.02% Poly Electrolyte (PE) flocculant solution could produce a treated wastewater that has complied with the effluent quality standards. The application of this optimum dose can reduce wastewater pollutants subtances of PSF industry which can minimize its impact on the environment.
https://www.ijee.net/article_133228_24ffeec3ce9dd3fbd9652fd8aa8a99fe.pdf
2021-09-01
192
197
10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.02
Polyethylene Terephthalate bottle waste
Polyester Synthetic Fiber
Wastewater
Coagulant
Flocculant
Y.
Setiawan
yusupsetiawan60@yahoo.com
1
Center for Pulp and Paper Jl. Raya Dayeuh Kolot No. 132 Bandung,West Java Province, Indonesia
LEAD_AUTHOR
A.
Rizaludin
andritr3@gmail.com
2
Center for Pulp and Paper Jl. Raya Dayeuh Kolot No. 132 Bandung,West Java Province, Indonesia
AUTHOR
M.
Aini
mn.aaini@gmail.com
3
Center for Pulp and Paper Jl. Raya Dayeuh Kolot No. 132 Bandung,West Java Province, Indonesia
AUTHOR
S.
Saepuloh
saefull911@gmail.com
4
Center for Pulp and Paper Jl. Raya Dayeuh Kolot No. 132 Bandung,West Java Province, Indonesia
AUTHOR
1. Tiseo, I. Production of Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles Worldwide from 2004 to 2021. 2020; Available from: www.statista.com.
1
2. Gupta, R., V.K. Shukla and P. Agarwal, 2019. Sustainable Transformation in Modest Fashion through “Rpet Technology” and “Dry-Dye” Process, Using Recycled Pet Plastic. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(3): 5415–5421. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.A1432.098319
2
3. Marani, D., R. Ramadori, V. Renzi, C. Braguglia and A. Di Pinto, 2004. Improving Stp Performance by Lime Addition, in Enhancing Urban Environment by Environmental Upgrading and Restoration. Springer. p. 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2694-3_19.
3
4. Damanhuri, E. and T. Padmi, 2009. Current Situation of Waste Recycling in Indonesia, in 3r Policies for Southeast and East Asia. ERIA Research Project Report 2008-6-1. p. 23-52.
4
5. Kristina, H.J., A. Christiani and E. Jobiliong, 2018. The Prospects and Challenges of Plastic Bottle Waste Recycling in Indonesia. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, pp: 012027. https://iopscience.iop.org
5
6. Sarioğlu, E. and H.K. Kaynak, 2017. Pet Bottle Recycling for Sustainable Textiles, in Polyester- Production, Characterization and Innovative Applications, N.O. Camlibel, Editor., IntechOpen. p. 9789535138815, http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72589.
6
7. Archna, A., V. Moses, S. Sagar, V. Shivraj and S. Chetan, 2016. A Review on Processing of Waste Pet (Polyethylene Terephthalate) Plastics. International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering, 1(1-2): https://doi.org/10.37628/ijpse.v1i1-2.120
7
8. Jabłońska, B., P. Kiełbasa, M. Korenko and T. Dróżdż, 2019. Physical and Chemical Properties of Waste from Pet Bottles Washing as a Component of Solid Fuels. Energies, 12(11): 2197. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12112197
8
9. Irfan, M., T. Butt, N. Imtiaz, N. Abbas, R.A. Khan and A. Shafique, 2017. The Removal of Cod, Tss and Colour of Black Liquor by Coagulation–Flocculation Process at Optimized Ph, Settling and Dosing Rate. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10S2307-S2318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.08.007
9
10. Kumar, P., T.T. Teng, S. Chand and K.L. Wasewar, 2011. Treatment of Paper and Pulp Mill Effluent by Coagulation. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 5(8):
10
11. Tantemsapya, N., W. Wirojanagud and S. Sakolchai, 2004. Removal of Color, Cod and Lignin of Pulp and Paper Wastewater Using Wood Ash. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 26(1): 1-12.
11
12. Hubbe, M.A., J.R. Metts, D. Hermosilla, M.A. Blanco, L. Yerushalmi, F. Haghighat, P. Lindholm-Lehto, Z. Khodaparast, M. Kamali and A. Elliott, 2016. Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities. BioResources, 11(3): 7953-8091.
12
13. Putri, A.S. and P. Soewondo, 2010. Optimizing Dye Removal from Textile Wastewater Using Two Stages Coagulation. Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan, 16(1): 10-20.
13
14. Ayeche, R., 2012. Treatment by Coagulation-Flocculation of Dairy Wastewater with the Residual Lime of National Algerian Industrial Gases Company (Nigc-Annaba). Energy procedia, 18: 147-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.05.026
14
15. Yaser, A., T. Cassey, M. Hairul and A. Shazwan, 2014. Current Review on the Coagulation/Flocculation of Lignin Containing Wastewater. International Journal of Waste Resources, 4(3): 153-159. https://doi.org/10.4172/2252-5211.1000153
15
16. Sahu, O. and P. Chaudhari, 2013. Review on Chemical Treatment of Industrial Waste Water. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 17(2): 241-257. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v17i2.8
16
17. Semerjian, L. and G. Ayoub, 2003. High-Ph–Magnesium Coagulation–Flocculation in Wastewater Treatment. Advances in Environmental Research, 7(2): 389-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(02)00009-6
17
18. Mehmood, K., S.K.U. Rehman, J. Wang, F. Farooq, Q. Mahmood, A.M. Jadoon, M.F. Javed and I. Ahmad, 2019. Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industrial Effluent Using Physicochemical Process for Recycling. Water, 11(11): 2393. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112393
18
19. Sher, F., A. Malik and H. Liu, 2013. Industrial Polymer Effluent Treatment by Chemical Coagulation and Flocculation. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 1(4): 684-689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.07.003
19
20. Zainuddin, N., M. Rosley, F. Anuar and N. Sarwani, 2019. Reduction of Chemical Oxygen Demand (Cod) Effluent of Plastic Recycling Processing Plant Using Ld Slag. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(4): 6750-6755. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D5217.118419
20
21. American Public Health Association (APHA), 2012. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Water Environment Federation.
21
22. Santos, A., B. Teixeira, J. Agnelli and S. Manrich, 2005. Characterization of Effluents through a Typical Plastic Recycling Process: An Evaluation of Cleaning Performance and Environmental Pollution. Resources, conservation and recycling, 45(2): 159-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.01.011
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Overview of the Impact of Lockdown Policies on Electricity Demands during COVID-19
As COVID-19 has propagated well-known, governments have taken nationwide moderation to restrain it, from regulations to moves toward off the economization as a whole. Know-how its outcome is imperative to help larger policies for nations that are not but preponderant or in the outcome of a succeeding epidemic. Here we demonstrated that the aggregated conquest in electricity decay in the five-month sequential homestay management became among 3% and 12% in most affected European and Asia countries; besides, Florida, which has not proven any continuous variation. For the reason that Italy, France, Spain, China, and India got greater fundamental damage through the limit of July, especially Britain and Germany are under the baseline. We also showed that the connection between severity and the curtailment of covid-19 based electricity decay is not linear. Those findings showed the extremity of the disaster in different nations and could further look at the upcoming, similar global crisis.
https://www.ijee.net/article_133229_8f18b775ad81a6b7e571d86134454fbc.pdf
2021-09-01
198
203
10.5829/ijee.2021.12.03.03
COVID-19
Electricity industry
Energy Demand
Energy Supply
Pandemic
N.
Norouzi
nima1376@aut.ac.ir
1
Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Fani
mfani@aut.ac.ir
2
Department of Energy Engineering and Physics, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Agdas, D. and Barooah, P. 2020. “Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the U.S. Electricity Demand and Supply: An Early View From Data.” IEEE Access, 8, pp.151523–151534. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3016912
1
2. Aprigliano, V., Ardizzi, G. and Monteforte, L. 2019. “Using Payment System Data to Forecast Economic Activity.” International Journal of Central Banking, 15(4), pp.55–80. Retrieved from https://www.ijcb.org/journal/ijcb19q4a2.pdf
2
3. Baker, S., Bloom, N., Davis, S. and Terry, S. 2020. COVID-Induced Economic Uncertainty. SSRN Electronic Journal, 53. Cambridge, MA. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26983
3
4. Bui, Q. and Wolfers, J. 2020. Another way to see the recession: power usage is way down. NY Times. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/04/08/upshot/electricity-usage-predict-coronavirus-recession.html
4
5. Buono, D., Luigi Mazzi, G., Kapetanios, G. and Marcellino, M. 2017. 4 Big data types for macroeconomic nowcasting. EURONA-Eurostat Review on National Accounts and Macroeconomic Indicators. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cros/system/files/euronaissue1-2017-art4.pdf
5
6. Carlsson-Szlezak, P., Reeves, M. and Swartz, P. 2020. “What coronavirus could mean for the global economy.” Harvard Business Review, 3(10). Retrieved from https://dentist.zums.ac.ir/files/i_management/files/24.pdf
6
7. Cecchetti, S., Mohanty, M. and Zampolli, F. 2011. The real effects of debt. BIS Working Papers No. 352. Basel: Bank for International Settlements. Retrieved from https://www.bis.org/publ/work352.html
7
8. Cicala, S. 2020. Early economic impacts of covid-19 in europe: A view from the grid. Technical report, University of Chicago. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/35WDodv
8
9. Khan, A. and Peeters, R. 2015. “Imitation by price and quantity setting firms in a differentiated market.” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 53, pp.28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2015.01.006
9
10. Shu Fan and Hyndman, R. J. 2012. “Forecasting electricity demand in Australian National Electricity Market.” In 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (pp. 1–4). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM.2012.6345304
10
11. Gillingham, K. T., Knittel, C. R., Li, J., Ovaere, M. and Reguant, M. 2020. “The Short-run and Long-run Effects of Covid-19 on Energy and the Environment.” Joule, 4(7), pp.1337–1341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.06.010
11
12. Aktay, A., Bavadekar, S., Cossoul, G., Davis, J., Desfontaines, D., Fabrikant, A., Gabrilovich, E., Gadepalli, K., Gipson, B., Guevara, M., Kamath, C., Kansal, M., Lange, A., Mandayam, C., Oplinger, A., Pluntke, C., Roessler, T., Schlosberg, A., Shekel, T., Vispute, S., Vu, M., Wellenius, G., Williams, B. and Wilson, R. J. 2020. Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports: Anonymization Process Description (version 1.1). Retrieved from http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.04145
12
13. Gregory, V., Menzio, G. and Wiczer, D. 2020. “Pandemic Recession: L or V-Shaped?” Quarterly Review, National Bureau of Economic Research, 40(1), pp.88–109. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27105
13
14. Hale, T., Angrist, N., Kira, B., Petherick, A., Phillips, T. and Webster, S. 2020. “Variation in government responses to COVID-19.” Blavatnik School of Government Working Paper, University of Oxford, 31. Retrieved from https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0ab73a02-ca18-4e1f-a41b-cfeea2d30e81
14
15. Garba, I. and Bellingham, R. 2021. “Energy poverty: Estimating the impact of solid cooking fuels on GDP per capita in developing countries - Case of sub-Saharan Africa.” Energy, 221, pp.119770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.119770
15
16. López Prol, J. and O, S. 2020. “Impact of COVID-19 Measures on Short-Term Electricity Consumption in the Most Affected EU Countries and USA States.” iScience, 23(10), pp.101639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101639
16
17. Johnston, A. 2020. The impacts of the Covid-19 crisis on global energy demand and CO2 emissions. Global Enery Review, 18. IEA - International Energy Agency Global Energy Review 2020 . Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-review-2020
17
18. Gopinath, G. 2020. “The great lockdown: Worst economic downturn since the great depression.” IMF blog, 14. Retrieved from https://www.newsofbahrain.com/epaper/15-04-2020/single/page-06.pdf
18
19. Inoue, H. and Todo, Y. 2020. “The propagation of economic impacts through supply chains: The case of a mega-city lockdown to prevent the spread of COVID-19.” PLOS ONE, 15(9), pp.e0239251. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239251
19
20. Almuhtady, A., Alshwawra, A., Alfaouri, M., Al-Kouz, W. and Al-Hinti, I. 2019. “Investigation of the trends of electricity demands in Jordan and its susceptibility to the ambient air temperature towards sustainable electricity generation.” Energy, Sustainability and Society, 9(1), pp.39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-019-0224-1
20
21. Koren, M. and Pető, R. 2020. “Business disruptions from social distancing.” PLOS ONE, 15(9), pp.e0239113. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239113
21
22. Institute of Medicine, The National Academies Press. 2004. Learning from SARS: Preparing for the Next Disease Outbreak: Workshop Summary. Washington, D.C. https://doi.org/10.17226/10915
22
23. McWilliams, B. and Zachmann, G. 2020. Bruegel electricity tracker of COVID-19 lockdown effects. Bruegel Datasets. Retrieved from https://www.bruegel.org/publications/datasets/bruegel-electricity-tracker-of-covid-19-lockdown-effects/
23
24. Le Quéré, C., Jackson, R. B., Jones, M. W., Smith, A. J. P., Abernethy, S., Andrew, R. M., De-Gol, A. J., Willis, D. R., Shan, Y., Canadell, J. G., Friedlingstein, P., Creutzig, F. and Peters, G. P. 2020. “Temporary reduction in daily global CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 forced confinement.” Nature Climate Change, 10(7), pp.647–653. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0797-x
24
25. Ruan, G., Wu, D., Zheng, X., Sivaranjani, S., Zhong, H., Kang, C., Dahleh, M. A. and Xie, L. 2020. “A Cross-Domain Approach to Analyzing the Short-Run Impact of COVID-19 on the U.S. Electricity Sector.” SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3631498
25
26. World Health Organization Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Situation Reports. (2020). Accessed online in: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports.
26
27. Norouzi, N., Zarazua de Rubens, G., Choupanpiesheh, S. and Enevoldsen, P. 2020. “When pandemics impact economies and climate change: Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 on oil and electricity demand in China.” Energy Research & Social Science, 68, pp.101654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101654
27
28. Norouzi, N., Zarazua de Rubens, G. Z., Enevoldsen, P. and Behzadi Forough, A. 2021. “The impact of COVID‐19 on the electricity sector in Spain: An econometric approach based on prices.” International Journal of Energy Research, 45(4), pp.6320–6332. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6259
28
29. Norouzi, N. and Fani, M. 2020. “The impacts of the novel corona virus on the oil and electricity demand in Iran and China.” Research Article Journal of Energy Management and Technology (JEMT), 4(4), pp.48. https://doi.org/10.22109/JEMT.2020.222593.1232
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Superplasticizer on Strength and Durability of Rice Husk Ash Concrete
In this research work, the effect of rice husk ash (RHA) along with and without superplasticizer (SP) on the properties of concrete was investigated. The good workability and compaction is key parameter for strength and durability of concrete, and it may achieved by adding SP in to the concrete. In India RHA is available in huge quantity. It is byproduct of agriculture. In present research ordinary portland cement (OPC) was replaced by 10 to 50% RHA. The fresh properties as workability and hardened properties of concrete as compressive strength were examined. For durability test water absorption, acid attack and sulphate attack tests were conducted.The test results show that at 10%RHA with SP the maximum strength of concrete was attained with respect to control concrete mix (CM). The satisfactory test results were shown for durability and strength. Such kind of blend concrete is more efficient to enhance the properties of concrete which reduce the consumption of cement. The utilization of agricultural byproduct makes concrete sustainable and reduce environmental problems.
https://www.ijee.net/article_134290_749ece9827a2580267c90b37dec9c889.pdf
2021-09-01
204
208
10.5829/ijee.2021.12.03.04
Compressive strength
Concrete Durability
Rice Husk Ash
Superplasticizer
V. N.
Kanthe
vishukanthe@gmail.com
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Guru Gobind Singh College of Engineering and Research Centre, Nashik, Mharashtra, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Prasara-A, J. and Gheewala, S. H. 2017. “Sustainable utilization of rice husk ash from power plants: A review.” Journal of Cleaner Production, 167, pp.1020–1028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.11.042
1
2. Bouzoubaâ, N., Zhang, M. H. and Malhotra, V. M. 2001. “Mechanical properties and durability of concrete made with high-volume fly ash blended cements using a coarse fly ash.” Cement and Concrete Research, 31(10), pp.1393–1402. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00592-0
2
3. Samad, S. and Shah, A. 2018. “Analysis of Punching Shear Capacity of RC Flat Slabs Produced with Partial Replacement of Cement by Pulverized Fly Ash (PFA).” Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 42(2), pp.181–190. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40996-017-0089-5
3
4. Madhuri, G. and Srinivasa Rao, K. 2018. “Performance of alkali-activated slag concrete against sulphuric acid attack.” Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 19(4), pp.451–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-018-0028-1
4
5. Ganesan, K., Rajagopal, K. and Thangavel, K. 2008. “Rice husk ash blended cement: Assessment of optimal level of replacement for strength and permeability properties of concrete.” Construction and Building Materials, 22(8), pp.1675–1683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.06.011
5
6. Kanthe, V. N., Deo, S. V. and Murmu, M. 2017. “Use of mineral admixture in concrete for sustainable development.” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineer, 3(3), pp.279–284. Retrieved from http://www.ijirse.com/wp-content/upload/2017/03/N1067ijirse.pdf
6
7. Kanthe, V. N., Deo, S. V. and Murmu, M. 2018. “Review on the Use of Industrial and Agricultural By-Product for Making Sustainable Concrete.” In Urbanization Challenges in Emerging Economies (pp. 530–538). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784482032.054
7
8. Kanthe, V. N., Deo, S. V. and Murmu, M. 2018. “Effect of fly ash and rice husk ash on strength and durability of binary and ternary blend cement mortar.” Asian Journal of Civil Engineering, 19(8), pp.963–970. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42107-018-0076-6
8
9. Alex, J., Dhanalakshmi, J. and Ambedkar, B. 2016. “Experimental investigation on rice husk ash as cement replacement on concrete production.” Construction and Building Materials, 127, pp.353–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.09.150
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10. Mehta, P. K. and Pitt, N. 1976. “Energy and industrial materials from crop residues.” Resource Recovery and Conservation, 2(1), pp.23–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3967(76)90015-9
10
11. Kanthe, V. N., Deo, S. V. and Murmu, M. 2020. “Early Age Shrinkage Behavior of Triple Blend Concrete.” International Journal of Engineering, Transaction B: Applications, 33(8), pp.1459–1464. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2020.33.08b.03
11
12. Abalaka, A. E. 2013. “Strength and Some Durability Properties of Concrete Containing Rice Husk Ash Produced in a Charcoal Incinerator at Low Specific Surface.” International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 7(4), pp.287–293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40069-013-0058-8
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13. Gastaldini, A. L. G., da Silva, M. P., Zamberlan, F. B. and Mostardeiro Neto, C. Z. 2014. “Total shrinkage, chloride penetration, and compressive strength of concretes that contain clear-colored rice husk ash.” Construction and Building Materials, 54, pp.369–377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.044
13
14. Kanthe, V. N., Deo, S. V. and Murmu, M. 2020. “Assessment of Environmental Impact and Formation Factor for Triple Blend Concrete.” Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 11(2), pp.146–151. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2020.11.02.08
14
15. Le, H. T. and Ludwig, H.-M. 2016. “Effect of rice husk ash and other mineral admixtures on properties of self-compacting high performance concrete.” Materials & Design, 89, pp.156–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.09.120
15
16. Abd Elrahman, M. and Hillemeier, B. 2014. “Combined effect of fine fly ash and packing density on the properties of high performance concrete: An experimental approach.” Construction and Building Materials, 58, pp.225–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.02.024
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17. Kanthe, V. N., Deo, S. V. and Murmu, M. 2018. “Combine Use of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash in Concrete to Improve its Properties.” International Journal of Engineering, Transaction A: Basics, 31(7), pp.1012–1019. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2018.31.07a.02
17
18. Kanthe, V. N., Deo, S. V. and Murmu, M. 2019. “Effect of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash as Partial Replacement of Cement on Packing Density and Properties of Cement.” International Journal of Innovative Technology Exploring Engineering, 8(7), pp.1940–1945.
18
19. Nuruddin, M. F., Chang, K. Y. and Mohd Azmee, N. 2014. “Workability and compressive strength of ductile self compacting concrete (DSCC) with various cement replacement materials.” Construction and Building Materials, 55, pp.153–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.094
19
20. Xu, W., Lo, T. Y. and Memon, S. A. 2012. “Microstructure and reactivity of rich husk ash.” Construction and Building Materials, 29, pp.541–547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2011.11.005
20
21. Kannan, V. and Ganesan, K. 2016. “Effect of Tricalcium Aluminate on Durability Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Incorporating Rice Husk Ash and Metakaolin.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 28(1), pp.04015063. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001330
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22. ASTM C 642-06, Standard Test Method for Density, Absorption , and Voids in Hardened Concrete. American Society of Testing Material, 2008.
22
23. Kanthe, V. N., Deo, S. V. and Murmu, M. 2019. “Effect on Autogenous Healing in Concrete by Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash.” Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 10(2), pp.154–158. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2019.10.02.13
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Mixing Rate on Performance of Anaerobic Reactor in Methane Production
In this study, a mathematical model was used to predict the dynamic behaviour of the system under conditions of imperfect mixing in an Anaerobic Digestion (AD) process. To evaluate the system performance, the effect of mixing parameters by calculating the quantities of methane gas produced, system power, and effluent quality was investigated. Numerical results showed that with an increase in the mixing rate (α) by 20%, methane production rate, power production, and the effluent COD removal efficiency of the system increased by 19%, 19% and 12%, respectively. At an equal mixing rate, the amount of methane produced in influent with a concentration of 12.1% was 4.5 times higher than the influent with a concentration of 2.5%, while no significant change was observed in the effluent quality. Additionally, it was found that the mixing rate effect is more important than the mean cell retention time in the anaerobic reactor. The best fitted correlations for methane production rate and effluent COD removal efficiency using regression analogy at different organic loads of wastewater are presented.
https://www.ijee.net/article_134853_37df20da714e59814b8fc1c3a51dc749.pdf
2021-09-01
209
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10.5829/ijee.2021.12.03.05
anaerobic digestion
mathematical model
Methane Production
Mixing rate
Wastewater Treatment
M. E.
Kashfi
mohammad_kashfi57@yahoo.com
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
R.
Kouhikamali
kouhikamali@guilan.ac.ir
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
G.
Khayati
khayati@guilan.ac.ir
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kumar Ghosh, S. and Mandal, S. 2018. “Evaluation of Biogas as an Alternative Driving Force of Electrically Operated Vehicles: A Case Study.” International Journal of Engineering, Transaction B: Applications, 31(5), pp.834–840. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2018.31.05b.20
1
Aceleanu, M. I., Șerban, A. C., Pociovălișteanu, D. M. and Dimian, G. C. 2017. “Renewable energy: A way for a sustainable development in Romania.” Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 12(11), pp.958–963. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2017.1328621
2
Lindmark, J., Thorin, E., Bel Fdhila, R. and Dahlquist, E. 2014. “Effects of mixing on the result of anaerobic digestion: Review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 40, pp.1030–1047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.182
3
Colangiuli, S., Rodríguez, A., Sanromán, M. Á. and Deive, F. J. 2018. “Demonstrating the viability of halolipase production at a mechanically stirred tank biological reactor.” Bioresource Technology, 263, pp.334–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.05.017
4
Bello-Mendoza, R. and Sharratt, P. N. 1998. “Modelling the effects of imperfect mixing on the performance of anaerobic reactors for sewage sludge treatment.” Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 71(2), pp.121–130. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199802)71:2<121::AID-JCTB836>3.0.CO;2-7
5
Ong, H. K., Greenfield, P. F. and Pullammanappallil, P. C. 2002. “Effect of Mixing on Biomethanation of Cattle-Manure Slurry.” Environmental Technology, 23(10), pp.1081–1090. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593332308618330
6
Karim, K., Thomasklasson, K., Hoffmann, R., Drescher, S., Depaoli, D. and Aldahhan, M. 2005. “Anaerobic digestion of animal waste: Effect of mixing.” Bioresource Technology, 96(14), pp. 1607–1612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.12.021
7
Karim, K., Hoffmann, R., Thomas Klasson, K. and Al-Dahhan, M. H. 2005. “Anaerobic digestion of animal waste: Effect of mode of mixing.” Water Research, 39(15), pp.3597–3606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.06.019
8
Syaichurrozi, I. and Sumardiono, S. 2014. “Effect of Total Solid Content to Biogas Production Rate from Vinasse.” International Journal of Engineering, Transaction B: Applications, 27(2), pp.177–184. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ije.2014.27.02b.02
9
Rea, J. 2014. “Kinetic Modelling and Experimentation of Anaerobic Digestion”. Bachelor Degree Thesis, U.S.A, MIT University, Massachusetts.
10
Benali, M. 2019. “Experimental Investigation of Biogas Production from Cow Dung in an Anaerobic Batch Digester at Mesophilic Conditions.” Iranian ( Iranica ) Journal of Energy and Environment, 10(2), pp.121–125. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2019.10.02.09
11
Prasad Lohani, S. 2020. “Anaerobic Co-digestion of Food Waste with Cow Manure.” Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 11(1), pp.57–60. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2020.11.01.09
12
Ebrahimi, A. and Najafpour, G. D. 2016. “Biological Treatment Processes: Suspended Growth vs. Attached Growth.” Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 7(2), pp.114–123. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.05
13
Shanmugam, L., Ramalingam, V., Palaniyandi, S. and Subramanian, S. 2019. “Comparison of different mixing phenomena in anaerobic digestion using food waste and sewage treatment plant for green biofuel through simulations of velocity contours.” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 41(18), pp.2233–2245. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2018.1555627
14
Zhang, J., Mao, L., Nithya, K., Loh, K.-C., Dai, Y., He, Y. and Wah Tong, Y. 2019. “Optimizing mixing strategy to improve the performance of an anaerobic digestion waste-to-energy system for energy recovery from food waste.” Applied Energy, 249, pp.28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.142
15
Kolodynskij, V., Baltrėnas, P. and Dobele, G. 2020. “Experimental research of biogas production by using a three-stage semi-continuous bioreactor with modified mixer.” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, pp.1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2020.1772909
16
Ghovvati, M., Khayati, G., Attar, H. and Vaziri, A. 2016. “Kinetic parameters estimation of protease production using penalty function method with hybrid genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization.” Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 30(2), pp.404–410. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2015.1134279
17
Pavlostathis, S. G. and Gossett, J. M. 1986. “A kinetic model for anaerobic digestion of biological sludge.” Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 28(10), pp.1519–1530. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.260281010
18
Vesvikar, M. S. and Al-Dahhan, M. 2005. “Flow pattern visualization in a mimic anaerobic digester using CFD.” Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 89(6), pp.719–732. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20388
19
Bersinger, T., Le Hécho, I., Bareille, G., Pigot, T. and Lecomte, A. 2015. “Continuous Monitoring of Turbidity and Conductivity in Wastewater Networks.” Revue des sciences de l’eau, 28(1), pp.9–17. https://doi.org/10.7202/1030002ar
20
Mucha, Z. and Kułakowski, P. 2016. “Turbidity measurements as a tool of monitoring and control of the SBR effluent at the small wastewater treatment plant – preliminary study.” Archives of Environmental Protection, 42(3), pp.33–36. https://doi.org/10.1515/aep-2016-0030
21
Stafford, D. A. 1982. “The effects of mixing and volatile fatty acid concentrations on anaerobic digester performance.” Biomass, 2(1), pp.43–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-4565(82)90006-3
22
Tchobanoglous, G., F. L. Burton and H. D. Stensel, 2003. “Wastewater Engineering; Treatment and Reuse”. New York: McGraw Hill Inc.
23
Fedailaine, M., Moussi, K., Khitous, M., Abada, S., Saber, M. and Tirichine, N. 2015. “Modeling of the Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Waste for Biogas Production.” Procedia Computer Science, 52, pp.730–737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.05.086
24
Monteith, H. D. and Stephenson, J. P. 1981. “Mixing efficiencies in full-scale anaerobic digesters by tracer methods.” Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation), 53(1), pp.78–84. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/25041020
25
Jijai, S., Srisuwan, G., O-Thong, S., Norli, I. and Siripatana, C. 2016. “Effect of Substrate and Granules/Inocula Sizes on Biochemical Methane Potential and Methane Kinetics.” Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 7(2), pp.94–101. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.02
26
Ubaidah, M. A., Hilmi, S. M. H. S., Yunus, M. F. M. and Tahiruddin, S. 2016. “A Comparative Study on Biogas Production between Day and Night at Sime Darby’s Palm Oil Mill.” Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 7(2), pp.102–108. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.02.03
27
Khayati, G. and Barati, M. 2017. “Bioremediation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil: Optimization Strategy Using Taguchi Design of Experimental (DOE) Methodology.” Environmental Processes, 4(2), pp.451–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40710-017-0244-9
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Utilization of Horizontal Water System as Electrical Power Generation in Pico Scale with a Small Bulb Turbine
Water systems such as pipelines, pumping stations and other channels in horizontal flow have the potential as pico scale hydropower. This study aims to observe the effect of the number of blades and the blade angle on the electric power generation in the small bulb turbine on horizontal flow. This study also observes how the number of blades and blade angle affected the electrical power generated using analysis of variance. The level on the parameter number of blades used was 4, 5, 6, and 7 blades, while the level parameters on the blade angle were 15, 20, 25, and 30 degrees and each level was tested 4 replication at the discharge of 13 L/s. This paper shows the results of turbine performance in the form of angular velocity, electric power, efficiency, and the test results of the analysis of variance using SPSS 17 software. The results of the study show the number of blades 5 with a 20 degree blade angle of the best performance compared another the number of blades and the blade angle with an efficiency of about 50%. The results of the analysis of variance show the blade angle of the blade has a more dominant effect on electrical power than the number of blades.
https://www.ijee.net/article_136058_79dd2357017111aa962179f937c61e51.pdf
2021-09-01
220
225
10.5829/ijee.2021.12.03.06
Bulb turbine
Pico scale hydropower
Propeller
Water System
A.
Nurdin
akhmadnurdin.89@gmail.com
1
Department of Foundry, Politeknik Manufaktur Ceper, Klaten, Indonesia
LEAD_AUTHOR
D. A.
Himawanto
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
AUTHOR
S.
Hadi
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
AUTHOR
Belay, A. K., Atenafu, D., Birhan, S. and Tegengn, T. 2020. “Techno-economic Feasibility Study of the Gunde Teklehaymanote Micro-hydropower Plant at Tindwat River, Central Gondar, Ethiopia.” Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment, 11(2), pp.130–136. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2020.11.02.06
1
Olanrewaju, R. M., Olatunji, O. W. and Akpan, G. P. 2018. “Impacts of Climate Variability on Hydroelectric Power Generation in Shiroro Station, Nigeria.” Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment, 9(3), pp.197–203. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.03.07
2
Belay, A. 2019. “Current Status, Future Potential and Barriers for Renewable Energy Development in Ethiopia (Short Communication).” Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2019.10.04.07
3
Alnakhlani, M. M., Mukhtar, M., Himawanto, D. A., Alkurtehi, A. and Danardono, D. 2014. “Effect of the Bucket and Nozzle Dimension on the Performance of a Pelton Water Turbine.” Modern Applied Science, 9(1), pp.25–33. https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n1p25
4
Nurhayati, B. and Himawanto, D. A. 2018. “A renewable energy potential Pyrolysis Sengon (Paraserianthe falcatari) as a Renewable Energy Potential.” AIP Conference Proceedings, 2049(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5082437
5
Zhou, D. and Deng, Z. D. 2017. “Ultra-low-head hydroelectric technology: A review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 78(February), pp.23–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.086
6
Ho-Yan, B. 2012. Design of a Low Head Pico Hydro Turbine for Rural Electrification in Cameroon. The University of Guelph.
7
Ramos, H. M., Simão, M. and Kenov, K. N. 2012. “Low-Head Energy Conversion: A Conceptual Design and Laboratory Investigation of a Microtubular Hydro Propeller.” ISRN Mechanical Engineering, 2012, pp.1–10. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/846206
8
Ramos, H. M., Simão, M. and Borga, A. 2013. “Experiments and CFD Analyses for a New Reaction Microhydro Propeller with Five Blades.” Journal of Energy Engineering, 139(2), pp.109–117. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EY.1943-7897.0000096
9
Elbatran, A. H., Yaakob, O. B., Ahmed, Y. M. and Shabara, H. M. 2015. “Operation, performance and economic analysis of low head micro-hydropower turbines for rural and remote areas: A review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 43, pp.40–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.045
10
Zhu, L., Zhang, H. P., Zhang, J. G., Meng, X. C. and Lu, L. 2012. “Performance of a bulb turbine suitable for low prototype head: model test and transient numerical simulation.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 15(4), pp.042032. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/15/4/042032
11
Luo, Y., Wang, Z., Liu, X., Xiao, Y., Chen, C., Wang, H. and Yan, J. 2015. “Numerical prediction of pressure pulsation for a low head bidirectional tidal bulb turbine.” Energy, 89, pp.730–738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.06.022
12
Balaka, R., Rachman, A. and Delly, J. 2014. “Blade Number Effect for A Horizontal Axis River Current Turbine at A Low Velocity Condition Utilizing A Parametric Study with Mathematical Model of Blade Element Momentum.” Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, 2(1), pp.1–5. https://doi.org/10.7763/JOCET.2014.V2.79
13
Singh, P. and Nestmann, F. 2010. “Exit blade geometry and part-load performance of small axial flow propeller turbines: An experimental investigation.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 34(6), pp.798–811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2010.01.009
14
Byeon, S. and Kim, Y. 2013. “Influence of Blade Number on the Flow Characteristics in the Vertical Axis Propeller Hydro Turbine.” International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems, 6(3), pp.144–151. https://doi.org/10.5293/IJFMS.2013.6.3.144
15
Shantika, T. 2013. “Perekayasaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Untuk Penyediaan Listrik Skala Kecil 100 Watt.” Journal of Industrial Research Jurnal, 7(2), pp.137-146. (In Indonesian)
16
Ekanayake, J. B. 2002. “Induction generators for small hydro schemes.” Power Engineering Journal, 16(2), pp.61–67. https://doi.org/10.1049/pe:20020202
17
Muller, M. W., Rue, Z. and Hiebler, K. 2016. “Investigation of the Potential Use of Tidal Current Turbines in the Ocean City, Maryland Inlet for Renewable Energy Generation.” Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, 07(04), pp.142–146. https://doi.org/10.4236/sgre.2016.74010
18
Singh, P. and Nestmann, F. 2011. “Experimental investigation of the influence of blade height and blade number on the performance of low head axial flow turbines.” Renewable Energy, 36(1), pp.272–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2010.06.033
19
Kurniawan, R., Himawanto, D. A. and Widodo, P. J. 2019. “The performance of numbers of blade towards picohydro propeller turbine.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 508, pp.012057. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/508/1/012057
20
Brijkishore, Khare, R. and Prasad, V. 2020. “Performance Evaluation of Kaplan Turbine with Different Runner Solidity Using CFD.” Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing (pp. 757–767). Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8196-6_67
21
Jonathan Sarwono. 2006. Analisis Data Penelitian Menggunakan SPSS 13 (1st edition). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating on Evolution of Windows from Qajar to Pahlavi Era in Tabriz's Ganjei-Zade House with Heat Dissipation Approach
Iranian vernacular architecture has rich experiences in terms of coordinating with its surroundings. although, high energy consumption was one of the major concerns in the past decades. According to statistics presented by Iranian Statistics Center, 40% of the country's energy consumption is relevant to the construction industry. However, about 70% of consumption is used solely for space heating and cooling. In the meantime, windows have a significant influence on the thermal performance. Ganjei-Zade House in Tabriz is one of the monuments and includes two parts. The north side of Qajar era and the western side was added to the former building in Pahlavi era. The present article deals with the study of the evolution of windows from Qajar to Pahlavi in Ganjei-zade house and the amount of heat dissipation from windows. These evaluations has been carried out by simulating Ganjei-zade house in the DesignBuilder software. The research related to this article was conducted based on analytic and comparative method and the purpose is to provide the important criteria for windows in residential buildings in the cold climate of Tabriz considering native architecture solutions in order to reduce heat dissipation. The conducted calculations confirm that the amount of heat losses from windows from Qajar to Pahlavi era, has been reduced by 22.2% and the amount of heat dissipation per square meter of windows from Qajar period to Pahlavi was decreased by 58.33%.
https://www.ijee.net/article_136155_b5e69ba0d6b113ecd00556fb1931fa24.pdf
2021-09-01
226
233
10.5829/ijee.2021.12.03.07
Cold and dry climate of Tabriz
Designbuilder software
Ganjei-Zade house
Simulation
Windows heat losses
S.
Abdoly Naser
stu.abdolynaser@iaut.ac.ir
1
Department of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Haghparast
f.haghparast@tabriziau.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M.
Singery
singeri@iaut.ac.ir
3
Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Sattari Sarbangholi
sattari@iaut.ac.ir
4
Department of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
AUTHOR
Bao, H.X.H. and Haotong Li, S. 2020. “Housing Wealth and Residential Energy Consumption”. Energy Policy. 143 (48), pp. 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.11158
1
Zekraoui, D. and Zemmouri, N. 2017. “The Impact of Window Configuration on the Overall Building Energy Consumption under Specific Climate Conditions”. Energy Procedia. 115 (9), pp.162-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.05.016
2
Chou, S.K., Chua, K.J. and Ho, J.C. 2009. “A Study on the Effects of Double Skin Facades on the Energy Management in Buildings”. Energy Conversion and Management. 50 (9), pp.2275-2281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.05.003
3
Eiraji, J. and Akbari Namdar, Sh. 2011. “Sustainable Systems in Iranian Traditional Architecture”. Procedia Engineering. 21 (3), pp.553-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2050
4
Ramli, N. H. 2012. “Re-Adaptation of Malay House Thermal Comfort Design Elements into Modern Building Elements-Case Study of Selangor Traditional Malay House & Low Energy Building in Malaysia”. Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment. 3(5), pp.19-23. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2012.03.05.04
5
Soleymanpour, R., Parsaee, N. and Banaei, M. 2015. “Climate Comfort Comparison of Vernacular and Contemporary Houses of Iran”. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. 201(7), pp.49-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.118
6
Saljoughinejad, S. and Rashidi Sharifabad, S. 2015. “Classification of Climatic Strategies, Used in Iranian Vernacular Residences Based on Spatial Constituent Elements”. Building and Environment. 92(40), pp.475-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.05.005
7
Biabani MoghadamBaboli, F., Norhati, I. and Mohds Sharif, D. 2015. “Design Charactristics and Adaptive Role of the Traditional Courtyard Houses in the Moderate Climate of Iran”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 201(7), pp.213-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.08.170
8
Vahdattalab, M. and Nikmaram, A. 2017. “An Investigation into the Importance, Abundance and Distribution of Red Color in Stained Glass Windows of Historical Houses in Iran Case Study: 22 Examples of Stained Glass Windows Circle heads (Crowns) in Houses Built during Qajar Dynasty in Tabriz”. Honar-ha-ye-Ziba Memari-va-Shahrsazi. 22(2), pp.87-97. [In Persian]. https://doi.org/22059/jfaup.2017.231388.671682
9
Soflaei, F., Shokouhian, M. and Zhu, W. 2017. “Socio-Environmental Sustainability in Traditional Courtyard Houses of Iran and China”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 69(21), pp.1147-1169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.130
10
Hasan, S., Usmani, J. A. and Islam, M. 2018. “Simulation of Energy Conservation in a Building: A Case Study”. Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment. 9(1), pp.10-15. https://doi.org/5829/IJEE.2018.09.01.02
11
Tayari, M. and Burman, E. 2018. “Electrical Energy Auditing by Analyzing End-Use Energy Consumption: A Case Study of an Office Building in Tehran”. Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment. 9(3), pp.153-162. https://doi.org/5829/IJEE.2018.09.03.01
12
Ghasemi, K., Hamzenejad, M. and Meshkini, A. 2019. “The Livability of Iranian and Islamic Cities Considering the Nature of Traditional Land Uses in the City and the Rules of Their Settlement”. Habitat International. 90(43), pp.1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.102006
13
Yaran, A., Wahdattalab, M. and Mohammadi Khoshbin, H. 2019. “The Aesthetic Preferences of Porosity in Facades with Traditional Architecture Pattern (Case Study: Tabriz Historical Houses)”. Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism. 10(1), pp. 61-77. [In Persian]. http://dx.doi.org/10.30475/isau.2019.90965
14
Mirshojaeian Hosseini, I., Mehdizadeh Saradj, F., Maddahi, M. and Ghobadian, V. 2020. “Enhancing the façade efficiency of contemporary houses of Mashhad, using the lessons from traditional buildings”. Energy and Environmental Engineering. 11(1), pp.417-429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40095-020-00338-0
15
Tahsildoost, M. and Zomorodian, Z. 2020. “Energy, Carbon, and Cost Analysis of Rural Housing Retrofit in Different Climates”. Journal of Building Engineering. 30(6), pp.1-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101277
16
Eskin, N. and Turkmen, H. 2008. “Analysis of Annual Heating and Cooling Energy Requirements for Office Buildings in Different Climates in Turkey”. Energy and Buildings. 40(5), pp.763-773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.05.008
17
Rasooli Larmaei, M. and Shahbazi, Y. 2016. “Investigation of the Performance of Double-Skinned Openings in Traditional Buildings in Cold Regions of Iran; Case Study: Ghadaki House and Ganjei zade House in Tabriz”. Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism. 6(1), pp.27-38. [In Persian]. http://dx.doi.org/10.30475/isau.2016.61997
18
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the Simultaneous Effect of Macro Fly Ash and Oak Bark Ash on Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Due to the increasing use of concrete, researchers and engineers are constantly tried to improve its mechanical and physical properties as well as its efficiency. Hence, they have made use of the most diverse products and the most modern concere technologies. In the present study, oak bark ash and macro fly ash have been used as the most widely used pozzolans in the concrete industry. The parameters of concrete and the percentages of materials used in its structure remained constant, but different percentages of oak bark ash and macro fly ash have been added to the mix design. Brazilian method and bending strength of concrete was applied. The parameters of concrete density, concrete consistency, compressive strength, and tensile strength have been investigated..Therefore, the existing materials required necessary tests; based on obtained resulted, an optimal design for the concrete mix was introduced from which the necessary specimens were taken into consideration. Then, oak bark ash was used as an additive, in proportions of 0.2 and 0.4% by the total weight of cement, and macro fly ash was used to replace cement as a variable in various proportions of 5, 10, 15 and 20% by total weight of cement. Based on the existing variables and the control design, a total of 15 groups of mix designs were introduced. The statistical population includes 45 cubic specimens (15×15×15), and 45 cylindrical specimens (15×30) for tensile strength test using Brazilian method. Also 45 bending beam specimens having dimensions of 10×10×50 were examined. Finally, after analysis of the obtained results, we dentified the superior mix design had the best performance and that both additives affected all studied parameters, including concrete consistency, density, compressive strength, tensile strength, and bending strength of concrete. However, macro fly ash had a great effect on the conrete strength. The obtained results also indicated that excessive use of any additive could have adverse effects on the mechanical properties of the concrete.
https://www.ijee.net/article_136825_586adfb588e762075388f7c98dfd4cea.pdf
2021-09-01
234
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bending strength
Compressive strength
Macro fly ash
Oak bark ash
tensile strength
O.
Hadad
omhddr@yahoo.com
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
AUTHOR
O.
Soltani
omidsoltan57@gmail.com
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Bonab Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bonab, Iran
AUTHOR
H.
Azizian
hadi.azizian@yahoo.com
3
Department of Civil Engineering, Mahabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mahabad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
V.
Mam Ghaderi
vahed.mamghaderi@gmail.com
4
Department of Civil Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
AUTHOR
Zandi, Y. and Sohrabi, G. 2006. Advanced Concrete Technology. Forouzesh Publishing Inc.
1
Bellum, R. R., Nerella, R., Madduru, S. R. C. and Indukuri, C. S. R. 2019. “Mix Design and Mechanical Properties of Fly Ash and GGBFS-Synthesized Alkali-Activated Concrete (AAC).” Infrastructures, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures4020020
2
Ramezanianpour, A. A., Mahdi khani, M. and Ahmadibeni, G. 2009. “The Effect of Rice Husk Ash on Mechanical Properties and Durability of Sustainable Concretes.” International Journal of Civil Engineering, 7(2), pp.83–91. Retrieved from http://ijce.iust.ac.ir/article-1-213-en.html
3
Kanthe, V. N. 2021. “Effect of Superplasticizer on Strength and Durability of Rice Husk Ash Concrete.” Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 12(3), pp.204–208. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2021.12.03.04
4
Rath, B., Deo, S. and Ramtekkar, G. 2019. “Behaviour of Early Age Shrinkage of Concrete with Binary and Ternary Combination of Fly Ash and Pond Ash with Addition of Glass Fiber.” Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 10(4), pp.248–255. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2019.10.04.04
5
Kanthe, V., Deo, S. and Murmu, M. 2019. “Effect on Autogenous Healing in Concrete by Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash.” Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 10(2), pp.154–158. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2019.10.02.13
6
Riyad, A. S. M., Rafizul, I. M. and Johora, F. T. 2018. “Effect of Fly Ash Content on the Engineering Properties of Stabilized Soil at South-western Region of Bangladesh.” Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 9(3), pp.216–226. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJEE.2018.09.03.10
7
Ji, T. 2005. “Preliminary study on the water permeability and microstructure of concrete incorporating nano-SiO2.” Cement and Concrete Research, 35(10), pp.1943–1947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.07.004
8
Björnström, J., Martinelli, A., Matic, A., Börjesson, L. and Panas, I. 2004. “Accelerating effects of colloidal nano-silica for beneficial calcium–silicate–hydrate formation in cement.” Chemical Physics Letters, 392(1–3), pp.242–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.071
9
Bai, K. D., Rao, A. K. and Sounthararajan, V. 2019. “Conventional Concrete Mix Design for Producing the Low and High Volume of Fly Ash Based Fiber Reinforced Concrete.” International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8(6), pp.1157–1162. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.F8351.088619
10
Jelena, D., Snezana, M., Ivan, I. and Nikola, T. 2014. “Concrete based on Alkali Activated Fly ash From One Power Plant in Serbia.” International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 03(25), pp.1–9. https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0325001
11
Gunasekara, C., Setunge, S. and Law, D. W. 2017. “Long-Term Mechanical Properties of Different Fly Ash Geopolymers.” ACI Structural Journal, 114(3). https://doi.org/10.14359/51689454
12
Fernández-Jiménez, A., Palomo, A. and Criado, M. 2005. “Microstructure development of alkali-activated fly ash cement: a descriptive model.” Cement and Concrete Research, 35(6), pp.1204–1209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.08.021
13
Reddy, B. S. K., Varaprasad, J. and Reddy, K. N. K. 2010. “Strength and Workability of Low Lime Fly-Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete.” Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 3(12), pp.1188–1189. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst%2F2010%2Fv3i12%2F29858
14
Chindaprasirt, P., Chareerat, T. and Sirivivatnanon, V. 2007. “Workability and strength of coarse high calcium fly ash geopolymer.” Cement and Concrete Composites, 29(3), pp.224–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.11.002
15
Amran, M., Fediuk, R., Murali, G., Avudaiappan, S., Ozbakkaloglu, T., Vatin, N., Karelina, M., Klyuev, S. and Gholampour, A. 2021. “Fly Ash-Based Eco-Efficient Concretes: A Comprehensive Review of the Short-Term Properties.” Materials, 14(15), pp.4264. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14154264
16
Helmy, A. I. I. 2016. “Intermittent curing of fly ash geopolymer mortar.” Construction and Building Materials, 110, pp.54–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.007
17
Hardjito, D., Wallah, S. E., Sumajouw, D. M. and Rangan, B. V. 2004. “On the Development of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Concrete.” ACI Materials Journal, 101(6), pp.467–472. https://doi.org/10.14359/13485
18
Kaur, M., Singh, J. and Kaur, M. 2018. “Synthesis of fly ash based geopolymer mortar considering different concentrations and combinations of alkaline activator solution.” Ceramics International, 44(2), pp.1534–1537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.10.071
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Providing A Model for Predicting and Detecting Destructive Processes to Prevent the Production of Waste and Defective Products: A Data Mining Approach
Today, most industries use statistical quality control tools to improve quality and reduce the defective products and waste, but the high volume of data requires the help of a powerful tool to control processes. One of the objectives of the present study is to predict defective products and prevent their production using data mining tools due to the high power in data analysis and its predictive nature, which is less used in the industry. In this study, the statistical population of all parts produced in 2017 by Shabrun Company. The statistical sample is 2400 pieces of radiators that were randomly selected from the production line. In the operational phases of data mining, three decision tree algorithms were used: C&R Tree, Quest Tree and Chaid Tree. Using these algorithms, the most important criteria affecting quality control and rules leading to the quality of parts were determined. Comparative results showed that despite the validity of all three algorithms, the C&R Tree algorithm had the highest accuracy. Adherence to the rules resulting from the implementation of these algorithms has led to the detection and prevention of waste generation, which has increased efficiency and prevented the loss of time and cost in this production unit.
https://www.ijee.net/article_136632_80dd9c47046962195fd38af87ff28743.pdf
2021-09-01
241
254
10.5829/ijee.2021.12.03.09
Data mining
decision tree
Defective production
Process control
Statistical Quality Control
N.
Safaie
nsafaie@kntu.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Industrial Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
M. R.
Saadatmand
saadatmand.mci@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Industrial Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
S. A.
Nasri
s.a.nasri74@gmail.com
3
Faculty of Industrial Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Lindsey, T. C., 2011. Sustainable Principles: Common Values for Achieving Sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(5), pp.561-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.10.014
1
Homesi, S. A. H., Nikomaram, H. and Seyyed Mohammadi, N., 2006. Study on the Application of Statistical Quality Control Process in Sima-E-Sork Co. Agricultural Sciences, 12(2), pp.463-478 [In Persian].
2
Lotfi, S., Ghasemzadeh, M., Mohsenzadeh, M. and Mirzarezaee, M., 2021. The Construction of Scalable Decision Tree Based on Fast Splitting and J-Max Pre-Pruning on Large Datasets. International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications, 34(8), https://dx.doi.org/10.5829/ije.2021.34.08b.01
3
Hossain, M. M., Prybutok, V. R., Abdullah, A. and Talukder, M., 2010. The Development and Research Tradition of Statistical Quality Control. International Journal of Productivity and Quality Management, 5(1), pp.21-37. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPQM.2010.029505
4
Cheng, G. and Li, L., 2020. Joint Optimization of Production, Quality Control and Maintenance for Serial-Parallel Multistage Production Systems. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 204pp.107146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2020.107146
5
Chen, S., Li, X., Liu, R. and Zeng, S., 2019. Extension Data Mining Method for Improving Product Manufacturing Quality. Procedia Computer Science, 162, pp.146-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.11.270
6
Koulinas, G., Paraschos, P. and Koulouriotis, D., 2020. A Decision Trees-Based Knowledge Mining Approach for Controlling a Complex Production System. Procedia Manufacturing, 51, pp.1439-1445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.10.200
7
Sarkar, M. and Sarkar, B., 2020. How Does an Industry Reduce Waste and Consumed Energy within a Multi-Stage Smart Sustainable Biofuel Production System? Journal of Cleaner Production, 262, pp.121200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.12120
8
Schmitt, T., Wolf, C., Lennerfors, T. T. and Okwir, S., 2021. Beyond “Leanear” Production: A Multi-Level Approach for Achieving Circularity in a Lean Manufacturing Context. Journal of Cleaner Production, 318, pp.128531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128531
9
Ashrafi, H., Raissi Ardali, G. and Zolfaghari, H., 2017. Integration of Reliability and Six Sigma as a Quality Control Tool to Improve the Situation of Manufacturing Products. Journal of Science and Engineering Elites, (5), pp.101-109 [In Persian].
10
Mousavi, S., 2012. A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach with Interval Numbers for Evaluating Project Risk Responses. International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications, 25(2), pp.121-130. https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ije.2012.25.02b.05
11
Hamidi, H. and Qaribpour, F., 2017. An Efficient Predictive Model for Probability of Genetic Diseases Transmission Using a Combined Model. International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications, 30(8), pp.1152-1159. https://doi.org/10.5829/ije.2017.30.08b.06
12
Saniga, E. M., 1993. Decision Support and Statistical Quality Control. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 10(2), pp.9-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656719310027948
13
Bagheri, P., Qousi, R. and Haeri, A., A Composite Data Modeling Model in an Atm Manufacturing Company, in Second International Conference on Knowledge Based Research in Computer Engineering and Information Technology. 2017: Majlisi University, Tehran, Iran [In Persian].
14
Smith, H. D., Megahed, F. M., Jones‐Farmer, L. A. and Clark, M., 2014. Using Visual Data Mining to Enhance the Simple Tools in Statistical Process Control: A Case Study. Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 30(6), pp.905-917. https://doi.org/10.1002/qre.1706
15
Azyazov, V. N., Torbin, A. P., Mebel, A. M., Bresler, S. M. and Heaven, M. C., 2017. Product Channels of the Reactions of Rb (62p) with H2, Ch4 and C2h6. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 196, pp.46-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2017.03.032
16
Lu, H. and Ma, X., 2020. Hybrid Decision Tree-Based Machine Learning Models for Short-Term Water Quality Prediction. Chemosphere, 249, pp.126169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126169
17
Vivancos, J.-L., Buswell, R. A., Cosar-Jorda, P. and Aparicio-Fernandez, C., 2020. The Application of Quality Control Charts for Identifying Changes in Time-Series Home Energy Data. Energy & Buildings, 215, pp.109841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.109841
18
Hasheminezhad, A., Hashemi, S. and Tabatabaie, R., 2018. Evaluation of Operative Factors on Conversion Efficiency of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil. Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment, 9(2), pp.100-104. https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2018.09.02.04
19
Istoto, E. H., Widayat, W. and Saptadi, S., 2019. Production of Fuels from High Density Polyethylene and Low Density Polyethylene Plastic Wastes Via Pyrolysis Methods (Research Note). Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment, 10(3), pp.185-189. https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2019.10.03.04
20
Bayu, A., Amibo, T. and Akuma, D., 2020. Conversion of Degradable Municipal Solid Waste into Fuel Briquette: Case of Jimma City Municipal Solid Waste. Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment, 11(2), pp.122-129. https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2020.11.02.05
21
Ataee, A., Kazemitabar, J. and Najafi, M., 2020. A Framework for Dry Waste Detection Based on a Deep Convolutional Neural Network. Iranian Journal of Energy and Environment, 11(4), pp.248-252. https://doi.org/10.5829/ijee.2020.11.04.01
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Energy Efficient Design Optimization of a Building Envelope in a Temperate and Humid Climate
A building envelope plays a key role in controlling the internal environmental conditions. The evaluation of façade designs for naturally ventilated residential buildings in the temperate and humid climate of Iran was carried out to optimize façade design for energy saving. Firstly, the common types of building materials were identified through a field study. In the next step, a computer simulation was conducted to investigate the impact of façade design parameters, including U- values, window to wall ratio (WWR), the open able part of the window, and the length of shading devices on buildings energy consumption. The simulation results indicate that the building envelopes constructed with Lightweight Steel Framed (LSF), 3D Panels, and Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) blocks are more effective than the other investigated materials, for reducing heating and cooling loads of the building. Using these materials can reduce the energy consumption for heating and cooling by 45%. Large and unprotected windows increase the building energy demands and require additional control devices. Therefore, 25%WWR, with 300mm horizontal shading devices in four steps, light opaque internal curtains, and windows with low emission glass parts that are closed during noon and afternoon hot hours were suggested and analyzed for the studied climate.
https://www.ijee.net/article_136947_8eda069cd3ee204a352107a762933e4a.pdf
2021-09-01
255
263
10.5829/ijee.2021.12.03.10
Energy efficiency
Envelope materials
Temperate and humid climate
Windows control devices
Window to wall ratio
N.
Sadafi
nsadafi@pnu.ac.ir
1
Department of Art and Architecture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
N.
Jamshidi
n.jamshidi@pnu.ac.ir
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
M.
Zahedian
mohammad_zahedian@yahoo.com
3
Department of Art and Architecture, Mazandaran University, Babolsar, Iran
AUTHOR
Nasrollahi, F., Urban and Architectural Criteria for Reducing Building Energy Consumption, National Energy Committee of Iran. 2012: Tehran, Iran.
1
Ghyasvand, H. and Ghyasvand, J., 2009. Pathology of Thermal Insulation in Residential Buildings Case Study of Residential Buildings in Shahid Beheshti Town, Hamedan. The First Sustainable Architecture Conference, Iran.
2
Thalfeldta, M., Pikasa, E., Kurnitskia, J. and Vollb, H., 2013. Facade Design Principles for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings in a Cold Climate. Energy and Buildings, 67(1), pp.309-321.
3
Bergh, S., Hart, R., Jelle, B. and Gustavsen, A., 2013. Window Spacers and Edge Seals in Insulating Glass Units: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Perspectives. Energy Building, 58(1), pp.263-280.
4
Kalnæs, S. and Jelle, B., 2014. Vacuum Insulation Panel Products: A State-of-the-Art Review and Future Research Pathways. Applied Energy, 116(1), pp.355-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.11.032
5
Sadafi, N., Salleh, E., Haw, L. and Jaafar, M., 2012. Potential Design Parameters for Enhancing Thermal Comfort in Tropical Terrace House: A Case Study in Kuala Lumpur. ALAM CIPTA Journal, 3(1), pp.15-24.
6
Mohammad, S. and Andrew, S., 2013. Performance Evaluation of Modern Building Therma Envelope Design in the Semi-Arid Continental Climate of Tehran. Buildings, 3(1), pp.674-688. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings3040674
7
Naiji, K. and Klaus, R., 2012. Investigating the Effect of Thermal Mass of the Outer Crust on the South of the Building in Tehran on Its Annual Energy Consumption, in Paper presented at the second international conference on modern energy saving approaches. South Pars Energy Economy Special Zone, Tehran, Iran.
8
Sekhavatmand, B., Zolfaghari, S.A., Rahimpour, M. and Moslehi, H., 2013. Analysis of the Effect of External Building Shell on the Performance of the Casing System in the Climate of Tehran, in second national climate conference, building and energy efficiency optimization. Organization of interest Energy of Iran, Isfahan, Iran.
9
Rezazadeh, N. and Medi, H., 2017. Thermal Behavior of Double Skin Facade in Terms of Energy Consumption in the Climate of North of Iran-Rasht. Space Ontology International Journal, 6(4), pp.33-48.
10
Goia, F., Hasse, M. and Perino, M., 2013. Optimizing the Configuration of a Facade Module for Office Buildings by Means of Integrated Thermal and Lighting Simulations in a Total Energy Perspective. Applied Energy, 108(1), pp.515-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.02.063
11
Ochoa, C., Aries, M., Loenen E. and Hensen, J., 2012. Consideration on Design Optimization Criteria for Windows Providing Low Energy Consumption and High Visual Comfort. Applied Energy, 95(C), pp.238-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.02.042
12
Poirazis, H., Blomsterberg A. and Wall, M., 2008. Energy Simulations for Glazed Office Buildings in Sweden. Energy and Buildings, 40(7), pp.1161-1170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.10.011
13
Motuziene, V. and Juodis, E. S., 2010. Simulation Based Complex Energy Assessment of Office Building Fenestration. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 16(3), pp.345–351. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2010.39
14
Baetens, R., Jelle B. and Gustavsen, A., 2010. Properties, Requirements and Possibilities of Smart Windows for Dynamic Daylight and Solar Energy Control in Buildings: A State-of-the-Art Review. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 94(2), pp.87-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2009.08.021
15
Kosir, M., Gostisa T. and Kristl, Z., 2016. Search for an Optimised Building Envelope Configuration During Early Design Phase with Regard to the Heating and Cooling Energy Consumption, in CESB 16-Central Europe Towards Sustainable Building 2016: Inovativnost for Sustainable Building. pp:805-812.
16
Tsikaloudaki, K., Laskos, K., Theodosiou, T. and Bikas, D., 2012. Assessing Cooling Energy Performance of Windows for Office Buildings in the Mediterranean Zone. Energy and Buildings, 49(1), pp.192-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.02.004
17
Lee, J., Jung, H., Park, J., Lee, J. and Yoon, Y., 2013. Optimization of Building Window System in Asian Regions by Analyzing Solar Heat Gain and Daylighting Elements. Renewable Energy, 50(1), pp.522-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.07.029
18
Skarning, G.C.J., Anker Hviid, C. and Svendsen, S., 2017. The Effect of Dynamic Solar Shading on Energy, Daylighting Andthermal Comfort in a Nearly Zero-Energy Loft Room in Rome Andcopenhagen. Energy and Building, 135(1), pp.302-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.11.053
19
Moolavi Sanzighi, S., Soflaei, F. and Shokouhian, M., 2020. A Comparative Study of Thermal Performance in Three Generations of Iranian Residential Buildings: Case Studies in Csa Gorgan. Journal of Building Physics, 44(4), pp.326-363. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744259120906241
20
BS En ISO 13790, Energy Performance of Buildings. Energy Needs for Heating and Cooling, Internal Temperatures and Sensible and Latent Heat Loads. Calculation Procedures. 2008, BSI. https://www.iso.org/standard/65696.html
21
Granderson, J., Lin, G., Harding, A., Im, P. and Chen, Y., 2020. Building fault detection data to aid diagnostic algorithm creation and performance testing. Scientific data, 7(1), pp.1-14.
22
Management & Planning Organization, 2003. Design Conditions, for Calculation of Heat Installation, Air Replacement and Air Conditioning for a Number of Cities in the Country, Code 271, Management and Planning organization of Iran: Tehran, Iran.
23
Albatayneh, A., Alterman, D., Page, A. and Moghtaderi, B., 2019. Development of a New Metric to Characterise the Buildings Thermal Performance in a Temperate Climate. Energy for Sustainable Development, 51(1), pp.1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2019.04.002
24
IRI, 2010. Ministry of Housing and Urbanism, Bureau for Compiling and Promoting National Regulations for Buildings; Code No. 19: Energy Efficiency, 5th Ed. Iran Development Press, pp:21-36. Iran Development Publishing.
25
Santos, P., Martins, C., Da Silva, L. and Bragancxa, L., 2013. Thermal Performance of Lightweight Steel Framed Wall: The Importance of Flanking Thermal Losses. Journal of Building Physics, 1(1), pp.81-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744259113499212
26
Ghalehnoei, A., Ghalehnoei, M., Rashidian, M.M. and Shakiba, M.R., 2017. Thermal and Acoustic Evaluation of Common Building Materials as Exterior Shells, in Second National Conference on Applied Research in Civil Engineering (Structural Engineering and Construction Management). Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
27
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28
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Production of Alkaline Protease Using Industrial Waste Effluent as Low-cost Fermentation Substrate
Alkaline proteases are the most important groups of commercial enzymes, which have been broadly used in industrial processes. In this study, Bacillus sp. PTCC 1538 was selected as a biological agent to produce alkaline protease. Enzyme production under submerge fermentation using industrial waste effluent was investigated. Since the costs of the raw material plays an important role in the cost of enzyme production, corn steep liquor (CSL) was selected as a low-cost substrate to reduce the cost of enzyme production. Various carbon sources were used as the auxiliary substrates to enhance enzyme production. Results showed that maximum enzyme activity was obtained when wheat bran was used as an auxiliary substrate. Optimal media composition and growth conditions for alkaline protease production were defined. The optimum conditions were found to be pH 8, incubation temperature of 37 °C, CSL inoculum size of 5 v/v %, yeast extract and wheat bran concentrations of 2 and 6 g/l, respectively. CaCl2 was used as an activator to enhance proteolytic activity of the enzyme. Under optimum condition, enzyme activity of 100.7 U/ml was obtained at CaCl2 concentration of 1.5 g/l.
https://www.ijee.net/article_136933_bb1136d6180280f8009d361ae7f8f071.pdf
2021-09-01
264
272
10.5829/ijee.2021.12.03.11
Alkaline protease
Bacillus sp
Fermentation
Low-cost substrate
Waste effluent
H.
Zare
hv.zare@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University-Buin Zahra Higher Education Center of Engineering and Technology, Buein Zahra, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
F.
Meiguni
f.ayoub.meiguni@gmail.com
2
Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
AUTHOR
G.
D. Najafpour
najafpour8@gmail.com
3
Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
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