@article { author = {Bhujangrao, K. H.}, title = {Design and Development of Cylindrical Parabolic Collector for Hot Water Generation}, journal = {Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Babol Noshirvani University of Technology}, issn = {2079-2115}, eissn = {2079-2123}, doi = {10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.01.01}, abstract = {Today’s India is in need of generating power at higher rate to maintain adequate supply of electricity to users for development and growth of Nation. Non renewable energy sources like coal and petroleum products are the major sources utilized for power production. To reduce the gap between demand and supply of energy and  maintain  sustainable  development,  renewable  energy sources  need  to  be considered as an alternative source of energy. The solar energy has been identified as one of the promising energy source which can be used directly or indirectly for generation of electricity, hot water and power. A prototype of cylindrical parabolic collector (CPC) is designed and developed to utilize solar energy for hot water generation. Prototype of CPC is tested from 10AM to 4PM in the month of May and thermal performance is evaluated based on solar standards available through literature. Hot water at 600C is produced throughout a day by varying mass flow rate of water. The instantaneous efficiency is calculated after every half an hour and found to be 69% and overall efficiency of system is 71%. This prototype CPC system can deliver hot water at required temperature to meet industrial, domestic demands and saves electricity.}, keywords = {Hybrid Energy System,Cylindrical parabolic collector,Hot water generation}, url = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64602.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64602_0e5a449bc7bf41f9e1c6d4201932eeeb.pdf} } @article { author = {Eterigho, E. J. and Farrow, T. S. and Agbajelola, D. O. and Ejejigbe, S. E. and Harvey, A. P.}, title = {Harnessing Alternative Technology for the Sustainability of Biodiesel Production}, journal = {Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {7-11}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Babol Noshirvani University of Technology}, issn = {2079-2115}, eissn = {2079-2123}, doi = {10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016..07.01.02}, abstract = {Biofuel, a renewable energy is mainly produced by transesterification of fatty acids either in presence of enzyme or catalysts. The transesterification relies on the use of either strong base or strong acid homogeneous catalysts for effective performance; but, homogeneous catalysts are associated with a variety of technical hurdles that limit their use for biodiesel production. Although there have been recent developments in heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production via transesterification; the separation of methyl ester (FAMEs) from crude glycerol and alcohol recovery are still major hindrances. A possible alternative could be the use of solid acid catalysts in thermocatalytic cracking of triglycerides. Sulphated zirconia catalyst was evaluated for thermocatalytic cracking of triglycerides at a relatively low temperature (270oC) and atmospheric pressure. The catalyst was found to be active toward cracking vegetable oils to methyl esters. The catalyst at this temperature exhibited different selectivity towards formation of saturated and unsaturated methyl esters. The catalyst yield of methyl esters under these conditions was 58% while 80% of the product being unsaturated. This opens up the possibility of controlling the degree of saturation of the methyl ester product by catalyst choice, to produce more or less saturated fuels for different markets. The range of products from gases to middle distillates and the unique selectivity for saturated and unsaturated esters may be a significant process advantage  of  this form  of  catalytic  cracking.  An  important  long  chain  unsaturated  alcohol  (1- Heptatriacotanol) was also identified. The unsaturated alcohol is known as an industrial chemical.}, keywords = {Heterogeneous catalyst,Catalytic Cracking,Selectivity,Methyl Esters,Heptatriacotanol}, url = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64603.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64603_05e02dc6366dc88a253b4f876bfb48f5.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohite, S. and Kumar, S. and Maji, S. and Pal, A.}, title = {Production of Biodiesel from a Mixture of Karanja and Linseed Oils: Optimization of Process Parameters}, journal = {Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {12-17}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Babol Noshirvani University of Technology}, issn = {2079-2115}, eissn = {2079-2123}, doi = {10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.01.03}, abstract = {Karanja and linseed are the potential non-edible oil crops which can be used for the biodiesel production. The main objective of this study is to find out the feasibility of using a mixture of karanja oil and linseed oil to produce biodiesel. Karanja oil has high amount of free fatty acid in it and linseed oil has low amount of free fatty acid content. Karanja biodiesel is produced by two step esterification/transesterification process which is costly, health hazardous & corrosive due to use of concentrated acids. Linseed biodiesel can be produced by alkali-base transesterfication which is much faster and gives higher yield than acid-base transesterification. A production method is developed to produce biodiesel from the mixture of karanja and linseed oil which is faster, safer and non-corrosive. The yields in the range of 68.2 to 78.9% have been achieved with varying different parameters like molar ratio, stirring time, mixture ratio and amount of catalyst. Optimum parameters are also established to achieve maximum biodiesel yield from the transesterification of a mixture of linseed and karanja oils.}, keywords = {Biodiesel production,Oil mixture,Process yield,Transesterification reaction}, url = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64604.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64604_ece722924766c99e0aef0a6d9714d1bd.pdf} } @article { author = {Sobamowo, M. G. and Ojolo, S. J. and Osheku, C. A. and Kehinde, A. J.}, title = {Kinetic Modeling and Simulation of Pyrolysis of Shrinking Biomass Particle in Fixed Bed Gasifier}, journal = {Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {18-30}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Babol Noshirvani University of Technology}, issn = {2079-2115}, eissn = {2079-2123}, doi = {10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.01.04}, abstract = {Pyrolysis plays an integrated role in the biomass conversion processes. The development of good mathematical models which in consequent leads to the design of pyrolysis reactors. The biomass gasifier is paramount in the scientific studies and understanding of the very important process in the thermochemical conversion of the solid fuels. However, due to the complexities of the biomass reaction scheme, the pyrolysis of biomass is generally modeled on the basis of apparent kinetics. Moreover, it is generally accepted that most important parameters affecting the process are temperature, concentration, residence time and heating conditions. This work presents the simulations of the pyrolysis kinetics of shrinking biomass particle under non-isothermal and isothermal heating conditions. The developed models were used to investigate the effects of shrinkage, heating conditions and heating rates on the pyrolysis of wood. There is a good agreement when the results of the developed models were compared to the experimental results. Theresults of this work could be used in estimating the optimum parameters in the pyrolysis of biomass and in the design of some pyrolysis reactors.}, keywords = {Shrinking biomass particle,Pyrolysis kinetics,Isothermal condition,Non-isothermal heating,Numerical solutions}, url = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64605.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64605_4e1543923f507244eb3e4031d4f4b955.pdf} } @article { author = {Xin-Hui Su, C. and Tow Teng, T. and Morad, N. and Rafatullah, M.}, title = {Optimisation of the Coagulation-Flocculation of Reactive Dye Wastewater Using Novel Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymer}, journal = {Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {31-38}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Babol Noshirvani University of Technology}, issn = {2079-2115}, eissn = {2079-2123}, doi = {10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.01.05}, abstract = {A novel inorganic-organic hybrid polymer of magnesium chloride-polyethylene oxide (MgCl2-PEO) was prepared, characterised and applied in the coagulation-flocculation of a reactive dye, Cibacron Blue F3GA (RCB). The hybrid polymers were prepared in various ratios and their conductivity and viscosities were measured. For the application in the coagulation-flocculation of RCB, the hybrid polymer of 90% MgCl2:10% PEO ratio was selected as it showed the highest conductivity and lowest viscosity. The factors that affect coagulation-flocculation of RCB, namely initial dye concentration, initial pH, agitation speed, agitation time and hybrid polymer dosage, were studied using fractional factorial design and response surface methodology (RSM). The process was also optimised, with respect to colour removal and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efficiency. The five factors studied showed significant effects toward the colour removal and COD reduction of RCB. The process was optimum at initial dye concentration of 173 mg/L, pH 11.13, agitation speed of 150 rpm, agitation time of 6 minutes and hybrid polymer dosage of 1020 mg/L. Under these optimum conditions, maximum colour removal of 99.76% and COD reduction of 92.09%, were achieved.}, keywords = {Cibacron blue,Magnesium chloride,Polyethylene Oxide,Response surface methodology (RSM)}, url = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64606.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64606_da3b5fdbf87905f101df87847085f9e0.pdf} } @article { author = {Sasikala, S. and Muthuraman, Govindaraju}, title = {Removal of Heavy Metals from Wastewater Using Tribulus terrestris Herbal Plants Powder}, journal = {Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {39-47}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Babol Noshirvani University of Technology}, issn = {2079-2115}, eissn = {2079-2123}, doi = {10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.01.06}, abstract = {The potential of economically cheaper Tribulus terrestris was assessed for iron adsorption from aqueous solutions. The effects of pH, Contact time, sorbent dose, initial metal ion concentration and temperature on the uptake of iron were studied in batch process. Chemical treatment processes are ineffective and produce large quantity of sludge which requires further treatment. A simple and efficient treatment process for the removal of heavy metals is essentially required. Maximum iron removal was observed at pH 6 with adsorbent dosage of 0.6 g. The adsorbent data has been correlated with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. FTIR and SEM before and after adsorption were recorded to explore the number and position of the functional groups available for iron binding onto the studied adsorbent and changes in surface morphology. The maximum percentage of iron removal was achieved at 87%. The results revealed that iron is considerably adsorbed on Tribulus terrestris and it could be economical method for the removal of iron from aqueous solutions. Pseudo second order model explains the iron kinetics more effectively.}, keywords = {Iron removal,Tribulus terrestris,Adsorption,heavy metals,medicinal}, url = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64607.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64607_49fa8ae8be7382fe2d9e21c871d02bda.pdf} } @article { author = {Ehi, I. P. and Bidemi, J. K. and Yahaya, L. E.}, title = {Kinetic Studies on Water Absorption Properties of Cocoa-pod Epoxy Composites}, journal = {Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {48-51}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Babol Noshirvani University of Technology}, issn = {2079-2115}, eissn = {2079-2123}, doi = {10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.01.07}, abstract = {The kinetic and characteristics of water absorption of cocoa-pod husk filler reinforced epoxy composite by short-term immersion at room temperature was studied. Composite specimen containing 5, 10, 20 and 30% filler volume fraction were prepared. The percentage of moisture uptake increased as the fibre volume fraction increased due to the high cellulose content of cocoa-pod husk. Results indicate that a D value of 105.8 x 10-7  m2/s at 30% volume fraction was obtained.The process of absorption of water was therefore found to follow the kinetics and mechanism described by Fick's law.}, keywords = {Cocoa pod,Epoxy,Composite,water absorption,Fick's law}, url = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64608.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64608_cb0c01c0ce74fd3365e88856ca020adc.pdf} } @article { author = {Saeed, H. and Chaudhry, F. S. and Rehman, S. and Rashid, Z. and Ijaz, A. and Awan, J. A.}, title = {Removal of Toxic Metallic Ions Cr(VI), Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Cd(II) from Waste Water Effluents of Tanneries by Using Punica granatum (Pomgranate) Membrane}, journal = {Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {52-57}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Babol Noshirvani University of Technology}, issn = {2079-2115}, eissn = {2079-2123}, doi = {10.5829/idosi.ijee.2015.07.01.08}, abstract = {The biosorption of toxic metal ions from tannery wastewater effluents was studied with the aid of adsorbent prepared by physicochemical treatment of pomegranate’s membrane (inner whitish material). The results showed that the physicochemical treated  Punica granatum (pomegranate) membranes/ peels absorb higher concentration of metallic ions from tannery wastewater as compared to heat treated Punica granatum membranes/peels. The contact time of wastewater effluent with pomegranate membrane has also been studied. The biosorption of metallic ions are observed to be more effective by increasing contact time of physicochemical modified adsorbent i.e. heterogeneous mixture of H3PO4.ZnCl2  modified pomegranate membranes/peels. It has also been observed that maximum adsorption of toxic metallic ions from tannery wastewater can be obtained by using P. granatum membranes/peels treated with heterogeneous mixture of H3PO4.ZnCl2 at a temperature of 873K. A comparison of heat treated P. granatum membranes and acid treatment treated P. granatum membranes (with conc. HNO3) is conducted. The maximum adsorption was observed by a heterogeneous mixture of H3PO4.ZnCl2 treated pomegranate membranes/peels. It was also observed that heterogeneous mixture of H3PO4.ZnCl2 treated P. granatum membranes/peels, activated at 873K provide best absorption of toxic metallic ions from tannery waste water.}, keywords = {Agowaste,Biosorption,Punica granatum adsorbent,Renewable sources,Tannery}, url = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64609.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64609_de3dcf4ba7bbd774a2a410530558b990.pdf} } @article { author = {Yahaya, L. E. and Akinlabi, A. K.}, title = {Equilibrium Sorption of Lead (II) in Aqueous Solution Onto EDTA-modified Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) Pod Husk Residue}, journal = {Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {58-63}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Babol Noshirvani University of Technology}, issn = {2079-2115}, eissn = {2079-2123}, doi = {10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.01.09}, abstract = {The adsorption of lead (II) ions onto EDTA- modified cocoa pod husk (CPH) in an equilibrium system was investigated. Kinetics, mechanism and thermodynamic parameters were estimated. Adsorption capacity was rapid and time dependent as appreciable level of Pb (II) uptake was achieved at an optimum contact time of 50 minutes. Three kinetic models were used to fit the kinetic data; Pseudo- first order, Pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion. Adsorption of the metal ions follows the Pseudo-second order and intraparticle kinetics as these provide a better fit to the experimental data with high R2  values ranging from 0.9776 – 1. Thermodynamic parameters such as change in Gibbs free energy ( ∆Go ) change in enthalpy (∆Ho), and entropy change (∆So ) were calculated. The ∆Go   (-5.499kJmol-1), ∆Ho (60.36 kJmol-1) and ∆So (212.44 Jmol-1K-1) of the adsorption process of metal ions onto the modified adsorbent was found to be feasible, endothermic, spontaneous and physiosorption in nature. These results indicate that modified CPH is a promising sorbent for the removal of Pb (II) in industrial effluent and wastewaters containing same.}, keywords = {Cocoa pod husk,Lead,Kinetics,Physiosorption,Gibbs free energy}, url = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64610.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64610_e2dcf8dca47273b0d7dfc2ac7d15e8ce.pdf} } @article { author = {Jain, S. and Sharma, K, and Chandrawat, U.}, title = {Photocatalytic Degradation of Anti-inflammatory Drug on Ti Doped BaBiO3 Nanocatalyst under Visible Light Irradiation}, journal = {Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {64-71}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Babol Noshirvani University of Technology}, issn = {2079-2115}, eissn = {2079-2123}, doi = {10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.01.10}, abstract = {Nanosized perovskites BaBiO3 and BaBi4Ti4O15 were prepared using Pechini method. These structures were confirmed through thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffusion reflection spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD patterns suggest that BaBiO3 is crystalized in the monoclinic structure while a member of aurivillius family, bismuth-based layer-structured BaBi4Ti4O15 is crystalized in tetragonal structure. The band gap is calculated from the UV-Vis DRS and is found to be 2.07 eV and 1.80 eV for BaBiO3 and BaBi4Ti4O15, respectively. The low band gap and the UV-Vis DRS of BaBi4Ti4O15 showed a clear improvement in reflectance under visible light irradiation, indicating a new Ti doped nano BaBiO3  catalyst. Furthermore, the prepared nanosized perovskites were applied in the degradation of ibuprofen, one kind of non- steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, via photocatalytic processes. It is shown that BaBi4Ti4O15 exhibited drastic enhancement on degradation of drug under visible light irradiation compared to BaBiO3. The drug was also more efficiently mineralized in the BaBi4Ti4O15 photocatalytic process. The degradation pathway can be described as an interconnected successive principal decaroxylation, hydroxylation and demethylation steps.}, keywords = {Pechini synthesis,BaBiO3,BaBi4Ti4O15,Photodegradation,ibuprofen}, url = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64611.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64611_e9ee6be69fdb14cb563fc40d37bd21f8.pdf} } @article { author = {Rafizul, I. M. and Alamgir, M.}, title = {Assessment of Treatment Efficiency of Lysimeter Leachate Using Leachate Pollution Index}, journal = {Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {72-83}, year = {2016}, publisher = {Babol Noshirvani University of Technology}, issn = {2079-2115}, eissn = {2079-2123}, doi = {10.5829/idosi.ijee.2016.07.01.11}, abstract = {This study illustrates the leachate treatment efficiency based on leachate pollution index (LPI) of pre- treatment leachate as well as post-treatment leachate with chemical coagulants. Leachate samples were collected at regular intervals of time from the leachate collection chamber of the landfill lysimeter at KUET campus, Bangladesh to compute its pollution potential. The landfill lysimeter consists of one open dump lysimeter-A with leachate detection (A1) and collection system (A2) as well as two sanitary landfill lysimeters B and C having two different types of cap liner. The relevant parameters of leachate sample were measured in the laboratory to evaluate sub-pollution (sub-LPIs) in terms of LPI in organic pollutant (LPIor), inorganic pollutant (LPIin) and heavy metal (LPIhm) as well as the overall LPI. Moreover, the values of LPI in pre-treatment leachate were to be found 19.53, 25.33, 23.48 and 23.74 for the A1 and A2 systems of open lysimeter-A, as well as the collection systems of sanitary lysimeters- B and C, respectively. It reveals significantly the higher values than that of LPI of 5.77, 7.38 and 7.38 for the maximum leachate discharge standards of Bangladesh, India and Hong Kong, respectively. The leachate was then treated with ferric chloride (FeCl3), poly alluminum chloride (PAC), ferrus sulphate (FeSO4) and aluminum sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) in various dosages and pH values. The concentrations in post-treatment leachate by using FeCl3  at optimum dosage were to be  found below the limit of maximum leachate discharge standards.  Study also reveals the values of LPI of 5.32, 5.69, 5.32 and 5.24 in post-treatment leachate for the A1 and A2 systems of open lysimeter-A, as well as the collection systems of sanitary lysimeters-B and C, respectively belowthe values of LPI in leachate of maximum discharge standards. Finally, it can be concluded that differences in the level of contaminants of pre- treatment and post-treatment leachate indicated the role of leachate treatment system in minimizing the level of contaminants and lowering the risk of leachate contamination based on LPI.}, keywords = {Landfill,Lysimeter,leachate,Pollution,Potential chemical,Coagulant,Pretreatment,Post-Treatment,Tretament efficiency}, url = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64612.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijee.net/article_64612_bcda627e7cddaf5b585e52479c9d7ecf.pdf} }