S. Aghakhani; F. Haghparast; J. Gaspari
Abstract
Recent researches all across the world emphasize the threat of the increasing consumption of energy. The undeniable role of energy consumption in all stages of the life cycle of materials, including extraction, factory manufacturing, and transportation has revealed the necessity of using sustainable ...
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Recent researches all across the world emphasize the threat of the increasing consumption of energy. The undeniable role of energy consumption in all stages of the life cycle of materials, including extraction, factory manufacturing, and transportation has revealed the necessity of using sustainable methods to have lower energy consumed. The whole energy of all different steps of the life cycle is called "embodied energy" and the process of assessing this embodied energy input is called "life cycle assessment” (LCA). Despite the great importance of LCA, the quantitative test of such a hypothesis has been less of a concern for previous researchers in our country Iran, and due to the lack of organized information from industrial units, such a study has also faced the difficulties of data collection. In this regard, this paper evaluates the amount of embodied energy consumption of building materials at different stages of their life cycle. To reach this goal this research evaluates the initial energy quantitatively (including different stages). More precisely, the present study, based on life cycle assessment system, quantitatively evaluates and compares energy input in different stages of cradle to gate scope, in 3 case studies: Concrete, wood, and brick. The results finally show that per ton of concrete produced 110 (kw.h) electrical energy, 35 (ton) of gas, 170 (Mj) of human Energy, and 495 (g) of Gasoline is consumed, while these quantities for per ton of Brick are 35(kw.h), 18.2 (ton), 72 (Mj) and 250 (g) and For one ton of timber produced are 900 (Kw.h), no Gas used, 170 (Mj) and 495 (g).
H. Eustache; N. Gaetan; D. Sandoval; U. G. Wali; K. Venant
Abstract
Electricity is most often generated at a power plant by electromechanical generators, driven by heat engines fueled by combustion. The combustion of peat for electricity generation is one among the energy contributors in Rwanda as Gishoma peat power plant that provides 15Mwh. The aim of this paper is ...
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Electricity is most often generated at a power plant by electromechanical generators, driven by heat engines fueled by combustion. The combustion of peat for electricity generation is one among the energy contributors in Rwanda as Gishoma peat power plant that provides 15Mwh. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the life cycle environmental impacts of peat use for energy generation by focusing the dried peat for combustion at the power plant. Even though electricity is needed in Rwanda as one among the factors that boost the economy and development, the emission comes from peat has a high effect on the environment they considered impacts are global warming potential, acidification potential, and eutrophication potential. The Life cycle assessment shows that the level of emission gases emitted and at which level those gases are compared to the international standards Organization (ISO) then we found that carbon dioxide is the gas which is emitted with the high percentage of 80.30% followed by sulfur 11.23% nitrogen oxides of 4.62% and methane of 3.85%. All those emissions have the different impact on the environment as described by the ISO and International Panel on Climate Change(IPCC). According to the result found the quantity of gases emitted are approximate to the level of standard when we consider the other gases emitted in the other stage like extraction it can be too high it is necessary to carry the deep analysis of peat from site extraction to the end use of peat in energy generation process.
