M. E. Kazemian; S. A. Gandjalikhan Nassab; E. Jahanshahi Javarana
Abstract
In the present work, the statistical analyses are presented to study the economic indexes of Net Present Value (NPV) and Simple Payback Period (SPB) as response functions for the Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) system. The CCHP performance is simulated with the aid of thermodynamic modeling, ...
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In the present work, the statistical analyses are presented to study the economic indexes of Net Present Value (NPV) and Simple Payback Period (SPB) as response functions for the Combined Cooling, Heating and Power (CCHP) system. The CCHP performance is simulated with the aid of thermodynamic modeling, and also economic equations are presented for economic simulation. An attempt is made to study the effect of some economic factors (interest ratio, fuel cost, lifetime, and electricity sell price) on the system’s responses. Based on the Design of Experiment analysis, regression models are presented to quantify the effects of these parameters on the Net Present Value and Simple Payback Periods. This novel approach is developed utilizing the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) method. Sensitivity analysis of the economic parameters was also examined in this research. Optimal values of these parameters were obtained for the two economic indexes as response functions.
G. Anju; B. Subha; M. Muthukumar; T. Sangeetha
Abstract
A treatment method based on the degradation of sago processing wastewater using ozonation process was conducted in this research study. The optimization of the process variables was designed with the aid of software called Design Expert and the technique was called response surface methodology (RSM) ...
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A treatment method based on the degradation of sago processing wastewater using ozonation process was conducted in this research study. The optimization of the process variables was designed with the aid of software called Design Expert and the technique was called response surface methodology (RSM) in Central composite design. The effect of ozonation variables like pH, treatment time and ozone concentration on the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) of sago waste water was investigated. Interestingly, two different types of results like maximum removal of COD and optimum removal of COD were observed. Maximum COD removal of 62.45% was at pH 9.8, ozonation time 95.7 min, ozone dose 42% and optimum COD removal 0f 56.7% was at pH 9.8, ozonation time 35.7 min, and ozone dose 42%. Bacterial count was found to be nil after ozonation and microscopic observation of biomass proved that the sludge content had effectively reduced after ozonation treatment. It was determined that the ozonation of sago wastewater was a promising effort in wastewater treatment.
A. D. Mahmud; A. Hamza; A. Zubair; B. Mukhtar
Abstract
ZnO-ZnFe2O4 composite was applied for photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene in fresh and saline waters under visible light irradiation. The effects of initial concentration of naphthalene, ZnO-ZnFe2O4 dosage and salinity on photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene were investigated using the central ...
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ZnO-ZnFe2O4 composite was applied for photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene in fresh and saline waters under visible light irradiation. The effects of initial concentration of naphthalene, ZnO-ZnFe2O4 dosage and salinity on photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene were investigated using the central composite design. Statistically significant model quadratic equation was developed for photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene using ZnO-ZnFe2O4 composite. The most significant parameter in the photocatalytic degradation is the ZnO-ZnFe2O4 dosage followed by the initial concentration of naphthalene and then salinity. The highest photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene was achieved at salinity of zero (that is in fresh water). The predicted optimum conditions for photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene using the ZnO-ZnFe2O4 composite are: initial naphthalene concentration of 16.8 mg/l, ZnO-ZnFe2O4 dosage of 0.50 g/l, and salinity of 0 ppt. The model quadratic equation was validated by performing experiments under the predicted optimum values. The experimental and the predicted values of naphthalene degradation under the predicted optimum values are 99.04 % and 98.8 %. Hence, the developed quadratic model is reliable for predicting photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene using ZnO-ZnFe2O4 composite.
T. O. Salawudeen; K. K. Salam; A. O. Arinkoola; E. O. Dada; O. O. Oniya; I. Adewale
Abstract
Utilization of locally sourced materials promote raw materials Biodiesel was produced by transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) with ethanol in the presence of non-synthetic heterogeneous catalyst (combination of KOH/metaKaolin). The process parameters investigated are catalyst (1-6 g), ethanol ...
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Utilization of locally sourced materials promote raw materials Biodiesel was produced by transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) with ethanol in the presence of non-synthetic heterogeneous catalyst (combination of KOH/metaKaolin). The process parameters investigated are catalyst (1-6 g), ethanol (10-25 wt% ethanol/%wt PKO), reaction temperature (30-120 oC) and reaction time, (60-100 min). These parameters were considered for optimization using Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design (CCD) for yield of biodiesel produced. The optimum yield of biodiesel of 96.00% was obtained using the optimized numerical values of 17.50% ethanol (by mass of PKO) and 3.50 g catalyst at 75.00 oC for 80.00 min. The viscosity (4.84 mm2/s), specific gravity (0.86), pour point (+5.00 oC), flash point (178.00 oC), and cloud point (+8.00 oC) of the biodiesel obtained at optimum condition compared favorably with ASTM standards. It was inferred from the research that biodiesel with suitable fuel properties can be produced from PKO using non-synthetic KOH impregnated on Kaolin with ethanol extracted from agricultural based raw materials.