Environment
A. Kaviani Rad
Abstract
A global health and economic crisis was caused by a pandemic Covid-19 in 2020, which reduced human activity worldwide. As human activities decreased, researchers had the chance to evaluate the impact of humankind on the ecosystem as well as explore the causes behind natural occurrences like forest fires, ...
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A global health and economic crisis was caused by a pandemic Covid-19 in 2020, which reduced human activity worldwide. As human activities decreased, researchers had the chance to evaluate the impact of humankind on the ecosystem as well as explore the causes behind natural occurrences like forest fires, which are mostly caused by humans. To assess the effect of quarantine on the forest fire situation in northern Iran. Twelve indicators were retrieved from Sentinel satellites, which represent four groups: land surface temperature, air pollutants, vegetation, and humidity. As indicated by preliminary results, the risk of fire decreased by about 34% in 2020 compared with 2018–2019; however, it subsequently increased again in 2021–2022. This leads to the conclusion that Covid-19 had a positive impact on forest health, but there was still an element of uncertainty as different ecological variables come into play. To evaluate this hypothesis in different regions, it is necessary to conduct additional studies, especially using ground-based data. In light of the adverse economic consequences of Covid-19, it is recommended that forest protection policies be implemented more effectively.
Renewable Energy
S. M. Seyed Hoseini; A. Mohammadzadeh; M. Seighli; F. Rezaei
Abstract
With the increase in world population and limited energy resources, countries have faced the high demand of energy and energy consumption problem. The crisis that threaten countries and human societies are the limited resources of non-renewable (fossil) energy and the increase in environmental pollution ...
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With the increase in world population and limited energy resources, countries have faced the high demand of energy and energy consumption problem. The crisis that threaten countries and human societies are the limited resources of non-renewable (fossil) energy and the increase in environmental pollution caused by excessive consumption of fossil fuels and global warming. These factors have motivated researchers and investors in the energy sector to control and supply energy from renewable sources. The uncertainty caused by these generations can have many effects on the costs imposed on the network and the operation of the electricity networks, such as an increase in power outages and unsupplied energy. Network development planning is one of the important issues in the power system to meet the growth of electricity demand in the coming years due to urban development, increasing social welfare, energy security, and job creation. The final objective of this model is to minimize energy losses, investment and operating costs, unsupplied energy, and environmental pollutants. The proposed methods have been implemented by MATLAB software on the Garver electricity network and the IEEE 33-bus distribution network and solved by PSO algorithms. The final model can be effectively used for planning the supply chain of the conventional electricity network with the penetration of renewable energy-based generations in various economic, environmental, and social dimensions.
N. Mamine; F. Khaldi; N. Grara
Abstract
The reuse of wastewaters of urban communes of Khmissa (Site 1), Hannancha (Site 2) and Souk Ahras (Site 3) rejected in the Medjerda wadi of Souk Ahras region (North-East Algeria) for agricultural purposes in the far North-East of Algeria is accompanied by health and environmental risks, the evaluation ...
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The reuse of wastewaters of urban communes of Khmissa (Site 1), Hannancha (Site 2) and Souk Ahras (Site 3) rejected in the Medjerda wadi of Souk Ahras region (North-East Algeria) for agricultural purposes in the far North-East of Algeria is accompanied by health and environmental risks, the evaluation of which requires physico-chemical and parasitological characterization. Biweekly samples were taken from March to August 2019 at the three studied sites wastewaters discharges. The results revealed that the waters studied are characterized by high salt contents, negative redox potential and high levels of turbidity (97.28 ± 18.12 to 111.57 ± 13.11 NTU ), suspended matter (TSS) (351.6 ± 15.52 to 397.33 ± 20.6 mg.L־1), ammonium (8.51 ± 1.94 to 11.19 ± 3.18 mg.L־1) and orthophosphates (3.69 ± 1.40 to 5.29 ± 1.78 mg.L־1), high values in BOD5 (120.62 ± 43.17 to 170.25 ± 32.34 mg.L־1of O2), and COD (286.73 ± 39.65 to358.9 ± 32.81 mg.L־1of O2) as well as the presence of some metallic trace elements such as cobalt (Co) and cadmium (Cd). Parasitological analysis shows high contamination of these irrigation waters by helminthes eggs, which exceed widely the standards of use of waste water in agriculture. The application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allowed to conclude that the waters of Medjerda wadi receive urban wastewater from surrounding areas and should not be reused directly in agriculture before being subjected to a processing, in order to improve their quality by meeting the required standards.
