Energy
A. H. Shiravi; M. Firoozzadeh
Abstract
Nowadays, the world is moving toward using renewable and sustainable energy sources, as much as possible. Photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the most popular alternatives. PVs are widely used to supply electricity for pumping systems to irrigate the farmlands. It has been proved by many scholars ...
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Nowadays, the world is moving toward using renewable and sustainable energy sources, as much as possible. Photovoltaic (PV) technology is one of the most popular alternatives. PVs are widely used to supply electricity for pumping systems to irrigate the farmlands. It has been proved by many scholars that PV cell temperature is a crucial factor in cell’s efficiency. In this study, a novel arrangement of a PV/pumping system has been considered, in order to enhance the pumping performance. To make it feasible, a small part of the pumped water is directed to a box-type passage at the backside of the PV module, and then connect to the water pipe and drain to the farmland. Two various flow rates of 5 and 10 L/min were tested. The results showed two proposed cases have a bit difference in their outputs. Accordingly, the temperature of modified cases did not pass beyond 36°C while, the temperature of the conventional module reaches to 72°C. This temperature reduction leads to about 50% higher electrical efficiency. From the output power point of view, more than 45% increase was observed. Also, an environment evaluation is performed and it was found that the present improvement can reduce emission of 34.57 tons CO2, annually.
M. Firoozzadeh; A. Shiravi; M. Shafiee
Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) power plant is one of the most important renewable power generation methods, which is rapidly developing. One of the weak points of PV power plants is the negative effects of increasing the cells temperature on their power generation. In this study, a simple and low cost method is proposed ...
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Photovoltaic (PV) power plant is one of the most important renewable power generation methods, which is rapidly developing. One of the weak points of PV power plants is the negative effects of increasing the cells temperature on their power generation. In this study, a simple and low cost method is proposed to reduce the temperature of these panels. The use of fins has been proven in many industrial applications and here it is used as coolant of PV panel. This experiment was performed in maximum operating temperature of photovoltaic modules which is known as 85°C. By using numbers of aluminum fins on the back surface of photovoltaic panels under two different irradiation, the temperature reduction up to 7.4 °C was observed, and this reduction leads to 2.72 % increasing in efficiency. Finally, an economical assessment of the offered cases based on output power of PV panels carried out, which shows a suitable economic justifiability.
M. Firoozzadeh; A. H. Shiravi; M. Shafiee
Abstract
Paper mill producing several type papers has a wastewater treatment plant with an aerated lagoon system to remove their pollutants. But the removal efficiency of this system is still low so that the effluent is still not complying with the Indonesian of effluent quality standards yet. It needs pre-treatment ...
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Paper mill producing several type papers has a wastewater treatment plant with an aerated lagoon system to remove their pollutants. But the removal efficiency of this system is still low so that the effluent is still not complying with the Indonesian of effluent quality standards yet. It needs pre-treatment plant before aerated lagoon. In an effort to improve the performance of wastewater treatment plant, study of wastewater characteristics, wastewater treatment, the establishment of treatment systems and equipment design have been carried out. After construction of pre-treatment plant, the field trial of wastewater treatment plant using wastewater originated from several type of paper produced was conducted. Result of laboratory-scale experiment showed that the paper mill needs a wastewater treatment with physical-chemical system before aerated lagoon treatment. Field trial of wastewater treatment showed that the removal of suspended solids (TSS) of 97%, COD of 88%, BOD5 of 85%, and a pH of 6.2 to 7.7 could be obtained using 5 - 10 % NaOH solution at doses of 50-240 mg/L and 0.1% cationic polyelectrolyte (PE) solution as flocculants at dose of 1.0 to 1.5 mg/L. Application of physical-chemical treatment plant can lighten the load on an aerated lagoon treatment. Effluent quality of aerated lagoon discharged into environment has met the Indonesian of effluent quality standard.