Energy
A. Kamyab; M. Mahmoudi Zarandi; M. Nikpour
Abstract
Yazd is located in a hot-dry region with harsh weather conditions. Houses with an iwan were suitable for establishing comfort conditions in the past. An evaluation of the visual comfort conditions in residential courtyard buildings in Yazd city was carried out by investigating the effects of the depth ...
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Yazd is located in a hot-dry region with harsh weather conditions. Houses with an iwan were suitable for establishing comfort conditions in the past. An evaluation of the visual comfort conditions in residential courtyard buildings in Yazd city was carried out by investigating the effects of the depth of the iwan and the ratio of the adjacent rooms' openings. Research is currently being conducted on an optimal model of the iwan in an effort to facilitate sustainable development and increase the use of such a model in contemporary housing. The effect of the parameters was investigated by simulating models containing different proportions of the iwan and sizes of the window in the Design Builder software. The results indicate that the proportion of the iwan and Window Wall Ratio of the adjacent room's window significantly affects the daylight that penetrates into the rooms. For the purposes of this study, climate-based daylight metrics (CBDMs), such as Useful Daylight Illuminances (UDI) with thresholds of 100–3000 lux and Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) over 300 lux. In models with an iwan depth of 1.5 and above, windows from 20% to 60% WWR have the ability to bring a suitable amount of light into the room. This means that by using the iwan, wider windows can be designed without having glare and adding extra thermal load to the building. Results obtained from this research will provide new insight into the concepts of iwan. Furthermore, findings of this research help architect to design spaces with the utilization of daylight.
J. A. Oyewole; A. A. Olanrewaju
Abstract
Solar distiller was constructed and tested in this study. The purpose is to get a portable water from nearly any source available in a relatively cheaper means using a renewable solar energy. The result obtained clearly confirmed the reliability of this method to provide portable water especially in ...
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Solar distiller was constructed and tested in this study. The purpose is to get a portable water from nearly any source available in a relatively cheaper means using a renewable solar energy. The result obtained clearly confirmed the reliability of this method to provide portable water especially in a rural area of developing country like Nigeria where the supply of fresh water is inadequate. A local dirty stream that is constantly throughout the year served as the source of the brackish water was used for this work. Sample taken from this stream was distilled using the constructed double slope solar distiller. The incoming solar radiation from the sun is focused and concentrated on to solar water distillation unit. Analyzing the sample of the distillate, the pH value of the brackish feed water was 9.20 ±1.10 while that of the distillate was 8.10 ±1.06, which falls within the WHO limits of 6.5-8.5 for drinkable water.
T. J. Malek; S. H. Chaki; M. D. Chaudhary; J. P. Tailor; M. P. Deshpande
Abstract
The effect of Mn doping on Fe3O4 nanocrystalline spinel particles is studied. Two doping concentrations of 10 and 15% Mn were employed. The nanoparticles synthesis was carried out by wet chemical reduction technique. The energy dispersive analysis of X-ray confirmed the stoichiometry of the samples. ...
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The effect of Mn doping on Fe3O4 nanocrystalline spinel particles is studied. Two doping concentrations of 10 and 15% Mn were employed. The nanoparticles synthesis was carried out by wet chemical reduction technique. The energy dispersive analysis of X-ray confirmed the stoichiometry of the samples. The X-ray diffraction technique was used to determine the crystal structure and particles size of the synthesized nanoparticles. The electron microscopy revealed that both the synthesized nanoparticles surfaces have flower-like patterns and the particles are spherical. The optical absorption study showed that the absorption is more in case of 10% Mn doped compared to 15% Mn doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy revealed that both the samples contain characteristics bands. The magnetization variation with temperature with zero field cooled and field cooling conditions for two different applied magnetic fields of 500 Oe and 1000 Oe as well as the hysteresis study was carried out by vibrating sample magnetometer technique. The obtained results are discussed in details.
R. Alrozi; N. S. Anuar; F. Senusi; M. A. Kamaruddin
Abstract
In this study, the adsorption behavior of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) from aqueous solution by using raw and modified clinoptilolites were investigated. In the experimental work, raw clinoptilolite (R-CL) was treated with Zn(NO3)2 in ethanol and produced zinc-grafted clinoptilolite (Zn-CL).The adsorption ...
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In this study, the adsorption behavior of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) from aqueous solution by using raw and modified clinoptilolites were investigated. In the experimental work, raw clinoptilolite (R-CL) was treated with Zn(NO3)2 in ethanol and produced zinc-grafted clinoptilolite (Zn-CL).The adsorption experiments were carried out under different conditions of initial concentration (25-250 mg/L), adsorption time (0-2h), solution pH (2-12), and temperature (300-353 K) to determine optimum conditions for the highest RBBR removal. The influence of these parameters on the adsorption capacity was studied using the batch process. The results indicated that the solution pH was observed to be a key factor of the RBBR adsorption process. The maximum dye adsorption was achieved with Zn-CL adsorbent at pH~6 and the corresponding adsorption capacity was found to be 42.2 mg/g, which was higher than R-CL (12.5 mg/g). Lower adsorption capacity of RBBR was found by Zn-CL between pH 8 and 12 opposite to R-CL which showed a marginal increase in adsorption capacity within the same pH range. The results proved that Zn-CL which is a modified clinoptilolite is an effective adsorbent for the removal of RBBR from aqueous solution.
H. Farzan; M. Ameri; S. M. Jaafarian
Abstract
Asphalt solar collectors (ASCs) offer a low-cost and reliable alternative to harvest energy from available infrastructures such as roads and pathways by employing the simple techniques. This paper represents an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous and discontinuous-flow strategies ...
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Asphalt solar collectors (ASCs) offer a low-cost and reliable alternative to harvest energy from available infrastructures such as roads and pathways by employing the simple techniques. This paper represents an experimental study to evaluate the effectiveness of continuous and discontinuous-flow strategies in the dynamics and performance of a self-constructed ASC under field conditions. To this aim, an ON/OFF switching controller commands to run and stop the system at different time intervals. During the experimental simulations, all the crucial environmental and operational parameters were measured and monitored. This approach assesses the effects of numerous scenarios with different intervals of time on the dynamics of the constructed collector. Continuous and discontinuous-flow strategies were evaluated by comparing three different scenarios, including continuous-flow mode, 5 min OFF-mode and, 10 min OFF-mode. The results show that by extending the OFF-mode, the water is kept stagnant in the hot embedded pipes for more extended periods. Therefore, the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of collector reduces, and the water leaves the collector at higher temperatures; however, the efficiency of the ASC decreases. Also, even though extending the OFF-mode results in heated water exits the collector at higher temperatures, but the mass of heated water decreases due to continuous interruption of current flow. The test results prove that in continuous-flow strategy, cumulative heat gain improves. Therefore, the continuous-flow strategy shows higher performance than introduced discontinuous-flow strategy. The exergy analysis illustrates that the available useful exergy has significantly affected by considering the pump consumed energy.
E. J. Eterigho; T. S. Farrow; S. E. Ejejigbe
Abstract
Non-crystallinesulphated zirconia catalysts were synthesised by a non-aqueous and non-conventional method. The effect of varying the molar ratio of sulphating agent to zirconium source was also investigated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Infra-red ...
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Non-crystallinesulphated zirconia catalysts were synthesised by a non-aqueous and non-conventional method. The effect of varying the molar ratio of sulphating agent to zirconium source was also investigated. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Infra-red Spectroscopy (IR),X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The surface acidity was measured by the Pyridine-DRIFTS (Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy) technique. The structural and textural properties of the sulphated zirconia were studied. The EDX and XPS profiles suggested that both sulphated zirconia catalysts have similar zirconia and sulphate structures; however, both catalysts were amorphous. Deconvolution of their XPS O 1s spectra showed that the samples contained both oxide oxygen of zirconium and sulphate oxygen, which sample I showed a higher amount of sulphate oxygen. Adsorption of pyridine into the samples indicated that the higher amounts of Brönsted acid sites are presented in sample I with lower amount of sulphate during preparation. This opens up the possibility of controlling the degree and type of active sites on a catalyst by the amount of sulphate used for preparation. Sulphated zirconia catalyst with higher activity properties was achieved via a non-aqueous, environmentalfriendly method. The zirconia catalyst has great contribution towards energy production which is used for preparation and trans-esterification of fatty acids for production of biodiesel.
H. Tagimalek; M. R. Maraki; M. Mahmoodi; P. Mohammad Zadeh
Abstract
Forging is one of the oldest and the most important processes of metal forming. The process occurs due to the waxy deformation of metal. In the forging process, the die walls control the material flow and the mechanical properties of the workpiece are significantly improved. Today's world industries, ...
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Forging is one of the oldest and the most important processes of metal forming. The process occurs due to the waxy deformation of metal. In the forging process, the die walls control the material flow and the mechanical properties of the workpiece are significantly improved. Today's world industries, financing costs play a leading role in production. These categories have entered the industry to create a variety of simulation and numerical modeling methods to eliminate this problem. Simulation and experimental test, mechanical properties in the hot forging process in high-cost materials are of great interest to researchers. In this paper, the mechanical properties of hot forging in Ti6Al4V alloy are investigated. According to the obtained results, it can be found that a very close agreement has been made on experiments reported in literature and the simulation. Depending on the results, the strain rate Z-axis showed the shear bands appeared exactly on the 45-degree plates and in the sample center. In fact, the intersection of the band's sample center is the max strain applied to the die. This area has been created with an effective strain and stress at all depths of the workpiece and gradually expands.
Energy
S. A. Gandjalikhan Nassab
Abstract
This paper deals with the development of compound parabolic collectors (CPCs), utilizing a partial glass sheet adjacent to the absorber plate for the purpose of performance improvement. The collector under study has a parabolic shape, whose cavity is filled with air and the turbulent natural convection ...
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This paper deals with the development of compound parabolic collectors (CPCs), utilizing a partial glass sheet adjacent to the absorber plate for the purpose of performance improvement. The collector under study has a parabolic shape, whose cavity is filled with air and the turbulent natural convection takes place because of the air density gradient. The main goal is the reduction of heat losses by keeping away the high-temperature region near to the absorber from the main recirculaetd convection airflow by installation of a separating glass sheet. The conservations of mass, momentum and energy as the set of governing equations for the steady and turbulent free convection airflow in the CPC’s cavity and the Laplace equation for computation of temperature distributions in solid parts including the glass cover, absorber plate, and glass sheet were numerically solved by the finite element method. The COMSOL Multiphysics software was used for the present simulation. For the computation of turbulent stress and heat flux, the κ-ε turbulence model was employed. An attempt was made to investigate the installation of a fully transparent glass sheet near the absorber plate on the thermal behavior of the studied CPC. It is expected that this factor leads to lowering the heat losses from boundary surfaces, especially from the glass cover. Numerical findings showed about a 24% increase in the efficiency of studied test cases because of the installed glass sheet. Comparison between the theoretical findings with experiment shows good consistency.
R. M. Oranrejawu; O. W. Olatunji; G. P. Akpan
Abstract
Abstract Hydro Electric Power (H.E.P.) is a critical infrastructure that powers industrial growth and economic development of any developing nation. However, variability in climatic condition is already having serious impacts on H.E.P. in Nigeria. The study examined the effect of climate variability ...
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Abstract Hydro Electric Power (H.E.P.) is a critical infrastructure that powers industrial growth and economic development of any developing nation. However, variability in climatic condition is already having serious impacts on H.E.P. in Nigeria. The study examined the effect of climate variability on hydroelectric power generation in Shiroro Station Nigeria. Data used for this study were acquired mainly from secondary source. The climatic, Hydrological and power generation data used are already prepared document from 1990 to 2014 (25 years) period. The data were sourced directly from the production and Hydrological department of North South Power (N.S.P.). Relevant literature, journals and internet materials were also used for the study. Data collected were subsequently analyzed using inferential statistics such as trend analysis, reduction pattern analysis, spearman rank correlation and multiple regression analysis. Result revealed that there is variability in climatic elements and hydrological variables from year to year. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that climatic/hydrological variables can only explained 75.40% variability in the amount of hydro power generated in Shiroro Station. The study calls for the development of pumped water systems so that the tail water can be reused particularly during periods of little or no rainfall and low inflow.
K. Gholamian; H. Vakilifard; G. Talebnia; R. Hejazi
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize environmental criteria of sustainable outsourcing model in Fajr Jam Gas refining company with hierarchical analysis procedure method. In order to identify environmental criteria, the identified strategic goals of the model are categorized in the ...
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The purpose of this paper is to identify and prioritize environmental criteria of sustainable outsourcing model in Fajr Jam Gas refining company with hierarchical analysis procedure method. In order to identify environmental criteria, the identified strategic goals of the model are categorized in the most four aspects of the balanced scorecard and three dimensions of economic, social and environmental sustainability. to determine the importance of each environmental criteria in terms of four groups of experts (members of the outsourcing committee, managers, supervisors and experts in the company) are reported using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the results of research are reported through EXPERT CHOICE software. The findings indicated that in order to design sustainable outsourcing model using a balanced scorecard, seven strategic objectives in environmental dimension had to be considered two objectives in learning and growth aspect, two objectives in internal business processes aspect, two objectives in customer satisfaction aspect and a strategic environmental objective in financial performance aspect were identified. Finally, using a paired comparisons questionnaire, the importance of each strategic objective was calculated and prioritized.
N. Patcharaprakiti
Abstract
This paper demonstrates technique of water purification using electro-coagulation method. This system is composed of DC electric source 200 V 30 A connect to the anode and cathode terminals. The DC power supply can be received from utility or solar energy. The sample of raw water from reservoir is used ...
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This paper demonstrates technique of water purification using electro-coagulation method. This system is composed of DC electric source 200 V 30 A connect to the anode and cathode terminals. The DC power supply can be received from utility or solar energy. The sample of raw water from reservoir is used to conduct experimental reaction with electrocoagulation system in order to improve water quality. The water purification experimental was implemented by batch processing with varying electrolysis time. The parameter of electro-coagulation and water quality parameters are collected such as electric voltage, electric current, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solid (TDS) and electro-conductivity. The result found that the water quality has improved with the standard of domestic water supply and also drinking water standard.
Energy
F. Akhlaghinezhad; H. Bagheri Sabzevar
Abstract
Considering the global energy crisis and the need to reduce energy consumption while providing thermal comfort to occupants, building performance prediction using building simulation programs requires higher accuracy of output data. Therefore, it seems necessary to study the impact of occupant behavior, ...
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Considering the global energy crisis and the need to reduce energy consumption while providing thermal comfort to occupants, building performance prediction using building simulation programs requires higher accuracy of output data. Therefore, it seems necessary to study the impact of occupant behavior, which is the main source of uncertainty in residential buildings. The traditional courtyard houses, which are recognized as a successful passive house model, respond to different climatic conditions. Therefore, this research focuses on this building type to analyze occupant window opening control scenarios and determine which control works better. For this purpose, several probabilistic controls and their effects on the adaptive thermal comfort of occupants in zones around a central courtyard were compared in the three cities of Yazd, Bandar Abbas, and Tabriz. Energy Plus was used as a simulation program for the application of Grasshopper's energy management system (EMS) along with the Ladybug and Honeybee environmental plugins. The results show that the window control algorithms can increase the adaptive thermal comfort of occupants by 25.7%, 32.2%, and 20.3% in each of the climates of Yazd, Bandar Abbas, and Tabriz cities, respectively. Indoor and outdoor temperature were the most significant variables for opening windows in the warm and cold seasons, respectively.
S. Mohite; S. Kumar; S. Maji
Abstract
An experimental investigation was carried out to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel blends (10, 20 and 30%) obtained by mixing karanja and linseed oil and diesel. Brake thermal efficiencies of biodiesel blends were found to ...
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An experimental investigation was carried out to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel blends (10, 20 and 30%) obtained by mixing karanja and linseed oil and diesel. Brake thermal efficiencies of biodiesel blends were found to be comparable with diesel with a slight reduction. BSEC increased with the proportions of biodiesel in biodiesel blends. B30 was found to cause the lowest HC emissions and the lowest CO emissions and diesel was found to deliver the lowest NOx emissions among the fuels used at all loads. Considerable reduction up to 37.32 % was found in smoke opacity of biodiesel blends. The study revealed that 10% biodiesel blend can be effectively used in an unmodified diesel engine.
A. Belay Kassa
Abstract
Ethiopia is a land locked country, located in Horn of Africa. The country power generation does not meet the national demand of the people. The aim of the paper is to review a current status, future potential and barriers on development of renewable energy for power generations in Ethiopia. The approaches ...
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Ethiopia is a land locked country, located in Horn of Africa. The country power generation does not meet the national demand of the people. The aim of the paper is to review a current status, future potential and barriers on development of renewable energy for power generations in Ethiopia. The approaches would be use of primary and secondary data. The structural question is developed and data collected from experts. Secondary data were also collected from national published report, ministries brief and policy guides. The study used predominate renewable energy resource for power generation such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and waste to energy. Based on the result, the country utilization of the resources like solar, wind and geothermal with less than 1% with respect to the potential except hydro power which is less than 9% from the national reserve. The paper found that finical, technical, policy and regulation are the main barriers that faced on the development renewable energy. Key measurements are strengthened finical institution, establishing capacity building center, initiation active community participation, organizing institution to support development of renewable energy. This proposed measurements and policy issues were based on the evidence faced the country.
T. O. Salawudeen; K. K. Salam; A. O. Arinkoola; E. O. Dada; O. O. Oniya; I. Adewale
Abstract
Utilization of locally sourced materials promote raw materials Biodiesel was produced by transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) with ethanol in the presence of non-synthetic heterogeneous catalyst (combination of KOH/metaKaolin). The process parameters investigated are catalyst (1-6 g), ethanol ...
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Utilization of locally sourced materials promote raw materials Biodiesel was produced by transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) with ethanol in the presence of non-synthetic heterogeneous catalyst (combination of KOH/metaKaolin). The process parameters investigated are catalyst (1-6 g), ethanol (10-25 wt% ethanol/%wt PKO), reaction temperature (30-120 oC) and reaction time, (60-100 min). These parameters were considered for optimization using Response Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design (CCD) for yield of biodiesel produced. The optimum yield of biodiesel of 96.00% was obtained using the optimized numerical values of 17.50% ethanol (by mass of PKO) and 3.50 g catalyst at 75.00 oC for 80.00 min. The viscosity (4.84 mm2/s), specific gravity (0.86), pour point (+5.00 oC), flash point (178.00 oC), and cloud point (+8.00 oC) of the biodiesel obtained at optimum condition compared favorably with ASTM standards. It was inferred from the research that biodiesel with suitable fuel properties can be produced from PKO using non-synthetic KOH impregnated on Kaolin with ethanol extracted from agricultural based raw materials.
Renewable Energy
M. Esmaeili Shayan
Abstract
Environmentally sustainable metropolitan environments are characterized by their ability to effectively produce and distribute power while reducing their impact on the environment. Smart homes are essential in smart cities since they enhance sustainability and efficiency in urban settings. A key advantage ...
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Environmentally sustainable metropolitan environments are characterized by their ability to effectively produce and distribute power while reducing their impact on the environment. Smart homes are essential in smart cities since they enhance sustainability and efficiency in urban settings. A key advantage of smart homes is their capacity to diminish energy use and carbon emissions. This is accomplished by optimizing energy consumption in home appliances, which is customized to fulfill the individual requirements and preferences of consumers. However, there is still a need for further academic research to investigate and improve the functioning of intelligent residential homes in microgrids. To efficiently manage microgrids, it is crucial to gather and analyze large amounts of electrical data related to power production from microgrid sources and energy consumption of the loads. This study examines the use of Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) methods to monitor electrical parameters of different loads in microgrids. The research focuses on the application of affordable smart meters that are equipped with Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities. An empirical study showcases the possibility of collecting significant data on microgrid operation via the deployment of an operational microgrid that integrates a hybrid wind-solar power source with a variety of home appliances.
S. Alanbary; S. R. S. Abdullah; H. Abu Hassan
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a process which utilizes plants to remove contaminants from the environment. It is the latest alternative to treatment technique, phytoremediation needs to identify these plants and its ability to resist toxicity of contaminants before a full scale system can be installed to ensure ...
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Phytoremediation is a process which utilizes plants to remove contaminants from the environment. It is the latest alternative to treatment technique, phytoremediation needs to identify these plants and its ability to resist toxicity of contaminants before a full scale system can be installed to ensure that the remedy is effective by selected plants. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of two native plants in in Malaysia, Ludwigia octovolvis and Phragmites karka, to survive when exposed to real crude oil sludge. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse for 15 days. The observation was made three times a week. The plants were also watered using tap water to ensure the plants could grow. After 15 days of observation, the two plant species had shown that they could grow and survive in pots with 100% of crude oil sludge. From this preliminary test, L. octovolvis and P. karka showed its initial ability to treat sand contaminated with crude oil sludge. As a conclusion, both native plants have the potential in the phytoremediation process of hydrocarbon and will be used in future prolonged phytoremediation of crude oil sludge.
M. Kaleemullah; H. Zahir; M. Azizuddin
Abstract
The refrigeration system excution with the nano oil was explored to enhance the coefficient of performance (COP) of the vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) using CARE 30 which is a mixture of 50% refrigerant R200 and 50% refrigerant R600a in which 1 gram of Copper oxide (CuO) nano particles ...
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The refrigeration system excution with the nano oil was explored to enhance the coefficient of performance (COP) of the vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) using CARE 30 which is a mixture of 50% refrigerant R200 and 50% refrigerant R600a in which 1 gram of Copper oxide (CuO) nano particles (NP) are used. Nano lubricant was used in the compressor of R-134a refrigeration system (compatible with CARE 30) mixed with polyolester (POE) oil. To execute this examination, a test setup was planned and fabricated in the workshop. The outcome demonstrates that CARE 30 and POE oil with CuO NP works typically and securely in the refrigeration system. The refrigeration system performance found is better than the customary CARE 30 and POE oil only refrigertion system. Therefore, the nano lubricant (POE compressor lubricant mixed with CuO NP) could be used as a vital piece of refrigeration system to lower the energy consumption and for the enhancement of COP of VCRS.
M. Anbia; F. Rahimi
Abstract
The current study adsorption characteristics of platinum(IV) onto the ethylenediamine-modified magnetic cellulose nanoparticles (MCNGE) have been investigated. The prepared adsorbentwere characterized using Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy ...
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The current study adsorption characteristics of platinum(IV) onto the ethylenediamine-modified magnetic cellulose nanoparticles (MCNGE) have been investigated. The prepared adsorbentwere characterized using Fourier transform spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Optimization the experimental parameters namely Pt(IV) concentration (15-35 mg/l), temperature (34–50 °C), pH of solution (2–5), and particles dose (0.03-0.06 g) were performed using a means of central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to evaluation the model, the main of the independent variables and their interactions for adsorption of Pt(IV) from aqueous solution. The results of the quadratic model indicated that the model was highly significant with F-value (F model = 55.09) and value of prob> F (<0.0001).The optimum adsorption conditions were determined as initial pH 2.5, temperature 46°C, adsorbent dosage 0.05 g and initial platinum(IV) ion concentration 22mg/l.The maximum capacity of MCNGE for Pt(IV) was found to be 19.45 mg/g. The magnetic cellulose nanoparticle is an environmental friendly product with low energy costs in adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous phase.
M. Mirmohammadi; M. Hakimi; A. Ahamd; O. Kader; M. Mohammadian; S.B. Mirashrafi
Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2010
A.A. Nazari-Moghaddam; G.D. Najafpour; A.A. Ghoeyshi; M. Mohammadi; Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein
Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2010
Atul R. Dange; S.K. Thakare
Volume 1, Issue 3 , July 2010
Ritesh Joshi; Rambir Singh
Volume 1, Issue 4 , October 2010
Abdur Rashid; Mohammad Ali; M. Haris; yar Rustam
Volume 2, Issue 1 , January 2011
I.R. Ilaboya; E. Atikpo; L. Umukoro; F.E. Omofuma; M.O. Ezugwu
Volume 2, Issue 2 , April 2011
